Adam R. Wende et al. BTS 2017;2:297-310 Perturbations in Amino Acid Metabolism During Heart Failure During heart failure, intracardiac branched chain amino.

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Adam R. Wende et al. BTS 2017;2:297-310 Perturbations in Amino Acid Metabolism During Heart Failure During heart failure, intracardiac branched chain amino acids are increased while taurine levels are decreased, leading to impairments in autophagy, mitochondrial function, and calcium homeostasis. BCAA = branched-chain amino acids; BCKA = branched chain alpha-keto acids; LAT = large neutral amino acid transporter; mTOR = mammalian target of rapamycin; TauT = taurine transporter; TCA = tricarboxylic acid. Adam R. Wende et al. BTS 2017;2:297-310 2017 The Authors