Describing Matter

Properties of matter Chemistry The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes

Properties of Matter Substance A single kind of matter that is pure having a specific makeup or composition and a specific set of properties

Properties of Matter Every form of matter has two kinds of properties, physical properties and chemical properties

Properties of Matter Physical Property Characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance Examples Water, Ice, and steam Hardness Texture Color

Properties of Matter Chemical Property A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances Examples Flammability Rust Baking

Elements Element A pure substance that can not be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means.

Elements ARE the simplest substances.

Elements Atom A basic particle from which all elements are made Atoms are different for each element

Elements Chemical Bond When atoms combine, this is the force of attraction between two or more atoms. Atoms combine to form larger particles called molecules

Compounds Compound A pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined IN A SET RATIO Water H2O Hydrogen = 2 Oxygen = +1 Total = 3

Compounds Chemical Formula Shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of the atoms Carbon dioxide CO2 Ratio 1 Carbon to 2 Oxygen If there is no number a 1 is understood Sugar C6H12O6 Carbon 6 Oxygen 6 Hydrogen 12

Compounds When elements are chemically combined they form compounds having properties that are different from those of the uncombined elements

Mixtures Mixture Made of 2 or more substances– elements, compounds or both– that are together in the same place but are not chemically combined

Mixtures Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties. Also , the parts of a mixture are not combined in a set ratio

Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture You can see the different parts Examples-- sand soup salad

Mixture Homogeneous Mixture Are so evenly mixed that you can not see the different parts Examples Salt water sugar water A SOLUTION

Separating…Compounds vs Mixtures Compounds are difficult to take apart A Mixture is easy to separate Ways of separating mixtures Magnetic attraction Filtering Distillation Evaporation