Chapter 23 Cold War Domestic Reform Life in Postwar America
Cold War Truman became president in April 1945 United Nations began April 1945
United Nations General Assembly Security Council U.S., Russia, Britain, France, China Secretariat
Cold War Period of tension and intense competition USSR intended to spread dominion throughout the world
Cold War Eastern Europe Soviet puppet governments “Iron curtain” Containment
Cold War Soviets withdrew from Iran Greece and Turkey Truman Doctrine
Cold War Western Europe Marshall Plan NATO Warsaw Pact Berlin airlift
1949 “Year of Shocks” Communists gain control of mainland China Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong
1949 “Year of Shocks” Soviets detonate first atomic bomb Both U.S. and USSR would develop an H- bomb
Korean War 38th parallel Douglas MacArthur Inchon China enters the conflict Limited war
Korean War MacArthur relieved of command Truce reached in 1953
Communism Eisenhower and Kennedy had goal of “peaceful coexistence” Different from a goal of total victory
Communism Indochina Ho Chi Minh Battle of Dien Bien Phu Ngo Dinh Diem Domino theory
Communism Cuba Fidel Castro Batista Bay of Pigs Cuban missile crisis
Communism Berlin Wall Refugees had been escaping to West Berlin Built 1961
Fair Deal Expansion of New Deal Full employment Republicans gain control of Congress in 1946
Fair Deal Taft-Hartley Act passed over Truman’s veto National Security Act
1948 Democrats were split Left wing nominated Henry Wallace Southerners nominated Strom Thurmond
1948 Democrats were split “Dixiecrats” Republicans nominated Thomas Dewey
1948 Truman called Congress into special session “Do-nothing” Congress Truman won in upset
Red Scare Alger Hiss Richard Nixon Julius & Ethel Rosenberg Loyalty program for federal employees
Red Scare Joseph McCarthy Became increasingly irresponsible “McCarthyism”
Eisenhower VP: Richard Nixon Defeated Adlai Stevenson in 1952 Dynamic Conservatism
Eisenhower Conservative in some things Expanded the New Deal Interstate highway system
Kennedy Defeated Nixon in 1960 Youngest elected president 1st Catholic president Debates
Kennedy New Frontier Peace Corps Alliance for Progress Sometimes showed a conservative bent
Affluent Society Economy continued to grow after WWII Buying spree Consuming Credit cards
Affluent Society Family changes “Baby boom” Divorce rates Dr. Benjamin Spock Baby and Child Care Women at work
Minority Rights Civil rights movement Civil right Brown v. Board of Education Outlawed segregated public schools
Minority Rights Little Rock, Arkansas Bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama Rosa Parks Martin Luther King, Jr.
Minority Rights “Sit-ins” “Freedom riders” March on Washington King’s speech
Religion Membership rose Not due to genuine spiritual revival Ecumenical movement World and National Councils of Churches
Religion Conservative and fundamentalist ministries grew Old Fashioned Revival Hour Billy Graham