Volume 20, Issue 6, Pages (June 2013)

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Volume 20, Issue 6, Pages 764-771 (June 2013) An Iterative Type I Polyketide Synthase Initiates the Biosynthesis of the Antimycoplasma Agent Micacocidin Hirokazu Kage, Martin F. Kreutzer, Barbara Wackler, Dirk Hoffmeister, Markus Nett Chemistry & Biology Volume 20, Issue 6, Pages 764-771 (June 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.04.010 Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Chemistry & Biology 2013 20, 764-771DOI: (10. 1016/j. chembiol. 2013 Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Modular Biosynthesis Enzymes for the Production of Micacocidin (A) Domain architecture of the micacocidin (Mic) assembly line. Domains that likely account for the structural differences to yersiniabactin (Ybt) are highlighted in blue. Domain notation: A, adenylation; ACP, acyl carrier protein; KS, ketosynthase; AT, acyl transferase; KR, ketoreductase; C, condensation; MT, SAM-dependent methyltransferase; PCP, peptidyl carrier protein; TE, thioesterase. (B) Chemical structures of micacocidin and yersiniabactin. Chemistry & Biology 2013 20, 764-771DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.04.010) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Substrate Preference of the MicC Loading Module Degree of exchange in the ATP-[32P]-pyrophosphate assay with various test substrates. cpm, counts per minute. Bars represent SD. See also Figure S2. Chemistry & Biology 2013 20, 764-771DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.04.010) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Functional Validation of micC and micA in E. coli Stacked extracted ion chromatograms for masses corresponding to the m/z of PSA (2) and the shunt pyrone (3) produced by E. coli cultures expressing micC (A1-ACP-KS-AT-KR-ACP) (a); micC and the TE-PPTase gene micA (b); micC and the TE mutant of micA with S417A (c); micA and the KR mutant of micC with Y1991A (d); micA and the KR mutant of micC with Y1991F (e); or standard olivetolic acid (f). To distinguish 3 from olivetolic acid (4), the samples in (d) and (e) had been spiked with 1 μmol of the latter prior to HPLC-MS analysis. Identification of the peaks was achieved by measuring the accurate mass and calculation of the chemical formula within a 5 ppm range (2: m/z 207.1022 [M-H]−, C12H15O3; 3 and 4: m/z 223.0979 [M-H]−, C12H15O4). t/min, retention time in minutes. See also Figure S3. Chemistry & Biology 2013 20, 764-771DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.04.010) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Metabolic Characterization of the micA Mutant Strain RS7 Chromatographic profiles of R. solanacearum GMI1000 (A) and the micA-deficient mutant strain RS7 (B) recorded at 254 nm. The production of micacocidin is substantially reduced in the mutant strain RS7 (<1% of wild-type level), but not completely abolished. See also Figure S5. Chemistry & Biology 2013 20, 764-771DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.04.010) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Model for the Product Formation in E. coli Coexpressing micA and micC (A1-ACP-KS-AT-KR-ACP) Route A is consistent with the initiation of micacocidin biosynthesis except for the premature offload of the thioester-bound intermediate. Route B shows the shunt pathway of KR-mutated MicC. Chemistry & Biology 2013 20, 764-771DOI: (10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.04.010) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions