NiCl 2 6H 2 O (aq) + 3H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2(aq) [Ni(H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 3 ]Cl 2(s) + 6H 2 O (l) Stoichiometry is the numerical relationship between the moles of reactants and the moles of products for a chemical reaction.Stoichiometry is the numerical relationship between the moles of reactants and the moles of products for a chemical reaction. What is the mole ratio of ethylenediamine (en, H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) to nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate (NiCl 2 6H 2 O)?What is the mole ratio of ethylenediamine (en, H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) to nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate (NiCl 2 6H 2 O)? The limiting reagent is the reactant that is completely consumed during a chemical reaction. Therefore, the yield or amount of product formed depends on the amount of limiting reagent.The limiting reagent is the reactant that is completely consumed during a chemical reaction. Therefore, the yield or amount of product formed depends on the amount of limiting reagent. What is the limiting reagent if the actual mole ratio ofWhat is the limiting reagent if the actual mole ratio of H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 / NiCl 2 6H 2 O is 1/1? H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 What is the limiting reagent if the actual mole ratio ofWhat is the limiting reagent if the actual mole ratio of H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 / NiCl 2 6H 2 O is 5/1? NiCl 2 6H 2 ONiCl 2 6H 2 O CH 103: THE SYNTHESIS OF A COMPOUND USING A LIMITING REAGENT

A Lewis acid is an electron-pair acceptor.A Lewis acid is an electron-pair acceptor. A Lewis base is an electron-pair donor.A Lewis base is an electron-pair donor. Which reactant is a Lewis acid?Which reactant is a Lewis acid? Ni 2+Ni 2+ Which reactant is a Lewis base?Which reactant is a Lewis base? LEWIS ACIDS AND LEWIS BASES Gilbert Lewis

COMPLEX IONS, LIGANDS, AND COORDINATION NUMBERS A complex ion is an ion that has a central metalA complex ion is an ion that has a central metal cation bonded (or coordinated) to 1 or more groups of atoms. These groups of atoms are called ligands. Coordination number is the number of ligand atoms that bond to the central metal of a complex ion.Coordination number is the number of ligand atoms that bond to the central metal of a complex ion. What is the metal atom in this complex ion?What is the metal atom in this complex ion? Ni 2+Ni 2+ What is the ligand?What is the ligand? In fact, H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 is a bidentate ligand. Each H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 has 2 different atoms that bond to the central Ni 2+.In fact, H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 is a bidentate ligand. Each H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 has 2 different atoms that bond to the central Ni 2+. What is the coordination number for this complex ion?What is the coordination number for this complex ion? 6

COMPLEX IONS, LIGANDS, AND COORDINATION NUMBERS Name the ligand and coordination number for each of these 3 complex ions.Name the ligand and coordination number for each of these 3 complex ions. Are any of these ligands bidentate?Are any of these ligands bidentate? NoNo Ligand = Chloride, Cl - Coordination # = 2 Ligand = Ammonia, NH 3 Coordination # = 4 Ligand = Water, H 2 O Coordination # = 6

The purpose of this experiment is to identify the limiting reagent for the following reaction:The purpose of this experiment is to identify the limiting reagent for the following reaction: NiCl 2 6H 2 O (aq) + 3H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2(aq) [Ni(H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 3 ]Cl 2(s) + 6H 2 O (l) How will you do this?How will you do this? Simply compare your experimental mole ratio of H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 / NiCl 2 6H 2 O with the theoretical mole ratio of 3/1 for this reaction. If it is less than 3/1 then is the limiting reagent. If it is greater than 3/1 then is the liming reagent.Simply compare your experimental mole ratio of H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 / NiCl 2 6H 2 O with the theoretical mole ratio of 3/1 for this reaction. If it is less than 3/1 then is the limiting reagent. If it is greater than 3/1 then is the liming reagent. Once the limiting reagent is known, you can calculate the theoretical yield of product ([Ni(H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 3 ]Cl 2 ) and the percent yield of product.Once the limiting reagent is known, you can calculate the theoretical yield of product ([Ni(H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 3 ]Cl 2 ) and the percent yield of product. NiCl 2 6H 2 O H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 THE SYNTHESIS OF A COMPOUND USING A LIMITING REAGENT

SAFETY Give at least 1 safety concern for the following procedures that will be used in todays experiment.Give at least 1 safety concern for the following procedures that will be used in todays experiment. Using NiCl 2 6H 2 O, H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ), and acetone (CH 3 COCH 3 ).Using NiCl 2 6H 2 O, H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ), and acetone (CH 3 COCH 3 ). These are irritants. Wear your goggles at all times. Immediately clean all spills. If you do get either of these in your eye, immediately flush with water.These are irritants. Wear your goggles at all times. Immediately clean all spills. If you do get either of these in your eye, immediately flush with water. Acetone is extremely flammable. Never use it near a flame or spark.Acetone is extremely flammable. Never use it near a flame or spark. Your laboratory manual has an extensive list of safety procedures. Read and understand this section.Your laboratory manual has an extensive list of safety procedures. Read and understand this section. Ask your instructor if you ever have any questions about safety.Ask your instructor if you ever have any questions about safety.

SOURCES McMurry, J., R.C. Fay Chemistry, 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.McMurry, J., R.C. Fay Chemistry, 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Park, J.L ChemTeam: Photo Gallery Menu. Available: html [accessed 30 October 2006].Park, J.L ChemTeam: Photo Gallery Menu. Available: html [accessed 30 October 2006]. html html Petrucci, R.H General Chemistry Principles and Modern Applications, 4th ed. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company.Petrucci, R.H General Chemistry Principles and Modern Applications, 4th ed. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company.