Gregor Mendel

Vocabulary

Pisum sativum

Genetic Crosses

Mendel’s Laws

Dominance

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Took courses in this subject at the University of Vienna that later helped him with his genetic studies

What is mathematics or statistics?

Mendel did research on this --- the transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring

What is heredity?

Number of traits Mendel observed in his study with pea plants

What is Seven?

Mendel used this to transfer pollen from the anther to the stigma of flowers

What is a small paint brush?

Mendel was able to document the traits of each pea generation by controlling this

What is pollination?

Two forms of a Gene

What are alleles?

Genotype referred to as being “Pure”

What is homozygous?

Heterozygous genotypes are also called this

What are hybrids?

Two forms that a gene or allele may take

What are dominant or recessive?

Mendel stated that physical traits were inherited as these

What are “particles”?

Pure parent pea plants are obtained by doing this

What is allow to self-pollinate?

Recessive seed shape in Mendel’s peas

What is wrinkled?

Flower part that produces pollen

What is the stamen?

Mendel was able to cross 2 hybrids by doing this

What is transfer pollen himself or cross-pollinate?

Actual observed ratio that Mendel got from an F1 monohybrid Cross

What is 2.96:1?

Cross involving 2 traits

What is dihybrid?

Used to solve genetic crosses

What is a Punnett Square?

Percentage of tall pea plants resulting from an F1 Monohybrid Cross

What is 75%?

Another name for an F2 Monohybrid Cross

What is a testcross?

Genotypic ratio for an F2 Monohybrid Cross

What is 1:1?

Number of P1 traits that fail to appear in Mendel’s F1 pea plants

What is one?

Trait that appeared in the F1 generation was controlled by this factor or allele

What is dominant?

Separation of factors or alleles during the formation of gametes

What is the Law of Segregation?

Dihybrid Crosses showed that alleles aren’t connected when being distributed to gametes

What is the Law of Independent Assortment?

Daily Double!!

Number of Possible allele Combinations in an F1 Dihybrid Cross

What is four?

Used to represent alleles or factors that mask others

What is a Capital Letter?

States that recessive trait alleles have no effect on phenotype when paired with a dominant trait allele

What is the Law of Dominance?

Gives hybrids an appearance in between the phenotypes of the two parents

What is Incomplete Dominance?

Multiple alleles for human blood type is an example

What is Codominance?

Type of dominance shown in Mendel’s pea plant crosses

What is Complete Dominance?

Double Jeopardy!!

Genetic Ratios

Genetic Disorders

Genes

Sex-Linked

Mutations

Human Genetics

Genetic Ratios Genetic Disorders Sex-linked Human Genetics Genes Mutations $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000

P1 Monohybrid genotypic ratio

What is All Alike?

F1 Monohybrid genotypic ratio

What is 1:2:1?

F2 Monohybrid genotypic ratio

What is 1:1?

F1 Dihybrid Phenotypic ratio

What is 9:3:3:1?

Probability of getting hybrids from an F1 Monohybrid Cross

What is 50% or ½?

Family record showing the inheritance of a trait over several generations

What is a pedigree?

Type of mutation that causes death, often before birth

What is a lethal mutation?

Genetic disorder that produces a defective form of hemoglobin

What is sickle cell anemia?

Chromosome mutation resulting in Down Syndrome

What is nondisjunction?

Genetic disorder in which the body can not metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine

What is PKU?

Alternate forms of a Gene

What are alleles?

Genes are carried on these

What are chromosomes?

Shows the linear sequence of genes on a chromosome

What is a chromosome map?

Gene mutation involving a single nucleotide

What is a point mutation?

Genes found on the same chromosome are said to be this

What is linked?

Genotype for males

What is XY?

Sex chromosome that carries the most genes

What is the X chromosome?

X-linked disease usually in males that impairs the ability of blood to clot

What is hemophilia?

Females that do not express a trait but can pass the trait on to their offspring

What are carriers?

The presence of male or female hormones affects these traits

What are sex-influenced traits?

A mutation may take place in any of these

What is a cell?

Mutations that aren’t passed on to offspring

What are somatic mutations?

Organisms with these have a better chance of reproducing

What is a beneficial mutation?

Loss of a piece of a chromosome due to chromosomal breakage

What is a deletion?

Daily Double!!

Condition in which a zygote has only 45 chromosomes

What is monosomy?

Trait controlled by two or more genes such as eye or skin color

What is a polygenic trait?

Genetic disorder found in European Jews in which the nervous system of infants deteriorates

What is Tay-Sachs disease?

Genetic disorder carried on the X chromosome resulting in the wasting away of muscles

What is muscular dystrophy?

XXY chromosomes in a male

What is Klinefelter’s syndrome?

Screening for this disorder is performed immediately after birth in the United States

What is PKU?

Final Jeopardy

This type of dominance occurs when heterozygous individuals & dominant homozygous individuals are indistinguishable in phenotype

What is complete dominance?