Uremic pruritus Kidney International

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Uremic pruritus Kidney International S.R. Keithi-Reddy, T.V. Patel, A.W. Armstrong, A.K. Singh  Kidney International  Volume 72, Issue 3, Pages 373-377 (August 2007) DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002197 Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Examination of skin. (a) Intense skin rash on the lower extremity. (b) Intense skin rash on the back. Kidney International 2007 72, 373-377DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5002197) Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Skin biospy findings. (a) Superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate with eosinophils, dermal hemorrhage, and psoriasiform hyperplasia. Periodic acid-Schiff digested stain negative for fungal elements (original magnification × 10). (b) Superficial perivascular, predominantly lymphocytic infiltrate with eosinophils (original magnification × 40). Kidney International 2007 72, 373-377DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5002197) Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Working model for pathogenesis of uremic pruritus. (1) Several substances have been proposed to produce pruritogenic environment. (2) Histamine released from mast cells, in response to pruritogenic substances, stimulates C-terminal nerve endings. (3) A cascade of signals from nerve endings activate specific areas in the central nervous system resulting in perception of itch. (4) By a direct axon reflex mechanism, sensory nerve endings release neuropeptides. (5) Locally released neuropeptides aggravate the itch response by stimulating accumulation of inflammatory cells and release of pruritic mediators. Kidney International 2007 72, 373-377DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5002197) Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions