Warm Up Objective: Scientists will describe the lymphatic/immune systems by analyzing the Patient Zero activity. What is the topic? What will you be doing? Why is this important? How will you know if you have done well?

Warm Up Objective: Scientists will describe the lymphatic/immune systems by analyzing the Patient Zero activity. What is the topic? Lymphatic/immune systems What will you be doing? Patient Zero activity Why is this important? Understand our bodies, career choice How will you know if you have done well? Able to describe the lymphatic/immune systems; completed work

Patient Zero Activity -- Introduction From bubonic plague to AIDS to the Guinea worm parasite, scientists and public health officials have struggled to understand and contain the spread of infectious diseases. Using simple reagents, participants will simulate the spread of a simple imaginary disease to explore some factors that affect the rate of infection, the challenges of epidemiology, and measures which can help prevent the spread of disease.

Patient Zero Activity -- Procedure Gear up with goggles and gloves. Obtain a filled test tube. Watch the demonstration. Once time is called, you will “greet” someone in the room. Exchange fluids by using the plastic pipets. Record the name of the person that you exchanged with. Repeat steps 4-5 when told. Reminder: greet a different person each time!

Patient Zero Activity – Data Exchange Round Greeted 1   2 3 4 5

Patient Zero Activity – Analysis Who is Patient Zero? Consider… Who is infected? Jahbrea, CJ, Jenai, Amaree, Zion, Brandon, Robert, Kamira Who is NOT infected? Everyone else History of the infected: Jahbrea—CJ, Kamira, Armoni CJ—Jahbrea, Jenai, Brandon Kamira—Jenai, Jahbrea, Robert Jahbrea is the most likely Patient Zero.

Patient Zero Activity -- Analysis Why might it be important to locate the source of the disease?  What difficulties might arise when collecting and interpreting data?  A simulated disease has a 100% rate of infection that appears immediately after testing. Some infections, such as AIDS and chicken pox, can remain dormant in the body for a long time. Others, such as Ebola, kill the host rapidly. How might each of these factors affect the spread of disease and the ability to identify carriers?  What can be done to limit the possibility of you getting a disease?   How would your immune system respond?

Analysis It is important to locate the source so that you may be able to prevent further spread of the disease.

Analysis Difficulties that may affect collecting and interpreting data are: Number of people – more people will make it more difficult Hard to keep track based on interactions of people Relying on self-reporting – people lie, don’t know/can’t remember Process of identification (lab results) If data is mixed up Contamination of samples Body part affected

Analysis Factors that may affect the spread of disease and ability to identify carriers are: If dormant = spreads quickly If immediately known = able to identify before spreads too far Families = more exposure = more people infected

Analysis To limit the possibility of you getting the disease, you can: Get a vaccine Stay in quarantine Wear face masks/gloves Limit interactions Practice good hygiene

Analysis Your body’s immune response: First line of defense – skin has pH that is unfavorable, mucus/tears wash away microbes Second line of defense – antimicrobial substances, inflammation and fever, phagocytic white blood cells Third line of defense – B cells produce antibodies, T cells activate specific defense cells Done? Be sure to turn it in. Make sure that any missing/incomplete work has been turned in with your name on it!