EMEP intensive measurements, June 2006 and Jan 2007 Karl Espen Yttri and Wenche Aas Marina Frölich, Rudolf Weber, Robert Gehrig, Rami Alfarra, Milan Vana, Thomas Ellermann, Gerald Spindler, Elke Bieber, Alberto González Ortiz, Xavier Querol, Noemí Perez, Jussi Paatero, Ulla Makkonen, Gyula Kiss, Gerry Jennings, Darius Ceburnis, Cinzia Perriono, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Rene P. Otjes, Hans Christen Hansson, Martin Ferm, Nikos Mihalopoulos, Eiko Nemitz, Hugh Coe

Measurement programme

Montelibretti, IT01 PM2.5 speciation PM 10 speciation June 2006 12% 15% 19.9 ± 10.7 mg/m3 37.9 ± 25.5 mg/m3 January 2007 12% 15% 27.5 ± 11.2 mg/m3 36.8 ± 12 mg/m3 Crustal Seasalt NO3- NH4+ SO42- OC*1.7 EC Unknown

Montelibretti, IT01 cont. Major findings: Higher concentration of PM2.5 in January (27.7 µg m-3) compared to June (19.9 µg m-3); this is not seen for PM10 Summer (PM10): Crustal material (40 %) is the major fraction Summer (PM2.5): OM and SO42- (~ 30 %) are the major fractions OM becomes the dominant fraction of PM in winter! Winter (PM10): OM = 50 % Winter (PM2.5): OM = 64 % Close to mass closure: < 85 % (Both for June and January)

Melpitz, DE44 PM1 speciation PM2.5 speciation PM 10 speciation June 2006 37% 49% 43% 10 ± 4.3 mg/m3 13 ± 6.1 mg/m3 18.9 ± 6.3mg/m3 January 2007 29% 37% 28% 7.7 ± 4.4 mg/m3 12.3 ± 7.2 mg/m3 15.6 ± 7.3 mg/m3 Ca2+, K+ Seasalt NO3- NH4+ SO42- OC*1.7 EC Unknown

Melpitz, DE44 cont. Major findings: NO3- is more important in winter compared to summer for all three size fractions assessed WINTER NO3- (PM10) = 19 % NO3- (PM2.5) = 20 % NO3- (PM1) = 20 % SUMMER NO3- (PM10) = 6 % NO3- (PM2.5) = 4 % NO3- (PM1) = 3 % Higher contribution from seasalts in winter compared to summer PM10 (Winter) = 11 % PM10 (Summer) = 2 % A larger fraction of mass could be explained in winter (63 – 72 %) compared to summer (57–63 %)

Montseny, ES31 PM2.5 speciation PM 10 speciation June 2006 16 % 46 % Sahara dust 16 % 46 % 15.7 mg/m3; 9 sampl 24.5 mg/m3; 15 sampl January 2007 12.8 µg m-3 10.8 µg m-3 9.7 µg m-3 32 % ~ 5 % 7.6 mg/m3 3 sampl only 8.7 mg/m3; 19 sampl Fe, SiO2, Al2O2 Seasalt NO3- NH4+ SO42- TC*1.3 Other Ca2+, K+ Unknown

Montseny, ES31 cont. Major findings: There is a shift towards fine aerosols going from winter to summer WINTER PM1/PM2.5 = 0.9 PM1/PM10 = 0.7 PM2.5/PM10 = 0.8 SUMMER PM1/PM2.5 = 0.7 PM1/PM10 = 0.4 PM2.5/PM10 = 0.6 Higher contribution from crustal material in summer compared to winter, both for PM10 and PM2.5 More NO3- in winter (12-16 %) compared to summer (1-4%) (PM2.5 and PM10) Considerably more carbonaceous material in PM10 than in PM2.5 More carbonaceous material in winter compared to summer for PM10

Birkenes, NO01 (June 2006) PM1 speciation PM2.5 speciation 22% 34% 31% 7.0 ± 4 mg/m3 7.1 ± 4.3 mg/m3 10.2 ± 5.8 mg/m3 Ca2+, K+ Seasalt NO3- NH4+ SO42- OC*1.7 EC Unknown OM (PM1) = 31% OM (PM2.5) = 35% OM (PM10) = 28% Minor differences in chemical composition with respect to size

EC in PM10 (June 2006) EC (0.1 – 1.8 µg m-3)

TC and TCP in PM10 (June 2006) TC (1.8 – 7.9 µg m-3) TCP (1.2 – 5.4 µg m-3)

OC and OCP in PM10 (June 2006) OC OCp Positive artefact OC (1.7 – 6.6 µg m-3) OCP (1.0 – 4.1 µg m-3)

Positive artefacts of OC in PM10 (NO56) 38 ± 7 % (Mean ± SD) Positive artefact estimated by QBQ-approach

Positive artefacts of OC in PM1 (NO56) 52 ± 16 % (Mean ± SD) Positive artefact estimated by QBQ-approach

EC and OC as a function of size and season DE44 OC EC IT01 OC EC

Hurdal rural background NO56 Hurdal, NO56 Concurrent measurements at the EMEP site (NO56) Hurdal dedicated to advanced analysis of the carbonaceous fraction 14C-analyses (Contemporary C vs fossil C) Levoglucosan (Biomass burning) Sugars and sugar-alcohols (PBAP) Tetrols (BSOA from isoprene) Oslo Urban background Hurdal rural background NO56

Hurdal, NO56 (June 2006) Results so far: Day/Night (12 h) concentrations of levoglucosan in PM10 NO56 (Hurdal) 10 ± 4 ng m-3 (Mean ± SD) Urban background (Oslo): 40 ± 39 ng m-3 Mean ± SD Carbon from biomass explains 5.4 ± 2.4 % of OCp Carbon from biomass explains 14 ± 16 % of OCp

What to do next... Need to get data from all sites participating Submission before June 2007 QA/QC e.g. Intercomparison of the various EC/OC/TC-methodologies used (after everyone have submitted) EMEP PM reports 2007 and 2008 PM and PM-species to be compared with model output Nitrogen gas and particulate distribution Source receptor analysis? Poster or oral present at ACCENT symposium and EAC 2007 Publication in peer reviewed papers

Future intensive measurement periods When and frequency 2009? January and June? Daily and hourly What e.g: PM speciation Mineral dust EC/OC N-containing gases and particulates VOC Level 3 (Optical, Physical PM properties) …… Other matter…