30.2-Totalitarianism in Stalin USSR Student Objectives Explain the rise of Stalin Define totalitarianism and analyze how countries enforce totalitarian rule Using Stalin’s USSR, analyze how Stalin maintained a totalitarian state both through control of society and the economy Evaluate daily life under Stalin

Intro/Background Bolsheviks came to power in new USSR Renamed Communist Party Lenin suffered stroke in 1922 Future of USSR between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky Stalin- “man of steel” Cold, hard, and impersonal Moved his supporters in positions of power Distrusted by Lenin 1928-Stalin officially dictator of USSR Trotsky sent into exile What were some of the personality characteristics used to describe Stalin? How does the name Stalin (meaning man of steel) fit him well? Lenin was distrustful of Stalin. Read the quote from Lenin above. What is this saying about Stalin according to Lenin?

Understanding Totalitarianism Stalin set up a totalitarian system of government Government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life Backed by Dynamic Leader Unites people but often does so through fear Police Terror Use secret police to enforce government’s policies Spy on citizens-often use brutal force including murder Indoctrination (instruction of government’s beliefs) Control education to convince all citizens that unconditional loyalty are required Propaganda and Censorship Control all aspects of media to convince people of ways Nothing can be published without permission of state Not allowed to question government Scapegoats Often religious or ethnic groups blamed for problems and issues What is totalitarianism? Based on both this slide as well as the handout, what are some important characteristics of totalitarianism? How do leaders keep control? How is totalitarianism so much different than the situation and life people are exposed to in the United States?

Stalin Builds Totalitarian State Police State Wanted to crush all enemies Listened to phone calls, children encouraged to sell out family members Great Purge-eliminate anyone that threatened his power (including Communists) People went on trial: sent to camps or executed Gained total control of USSR-8-13 million killed 1. How did Stalin use the Secret Police to increase his power in the USSR? 2. What occurred during the Great Purge? How was Stalin able to cement his power?

Other Totalitarian Initiatives Propaganda and censorship Controlled all newspapers and media No individual creativity Education and Indoctrination Controlled all education-no questioning of history Youth groups trained children Religious Persecution Stalin tried to set up Atheist League Russian Orthodox Church No rights or freedoms in the Communist state How did Stalin and his government control the media? What does this piece of propaganda put out by the Communist government suggest about Stalin? Why did Stalin’s Atheist League fail? What does this say about the power of religion? 3. What are basic rights that you, and other American citizens have, that were not present in Stalin’s Soviet state?

Stalin’s Control of the Economy Move to command economy Political leaders identify country’s economic needs and decide how to fix them Five-Year Plans Set very high quotas on steel, oil, electricity, etc. Consumer goods limited Did produce huge amount of goods Agricultural Revolution/ Collective Farms Government seized land from private farms and put them into collective farms Heavy resistance-5-10 million killed Also state farms-wages What is meant by a command economy? Why is this different from what you are used to in the US? Why were the Five-Year Plans on Stalin successful? Why were they unsuccessful? Why did people resist Stalin’s collective farms? What happened to them? How did the collective farms compare to the state farms? What happened to the production of wheat and other products?

Daily Life Under Stalin People more educated and more skills Great cost-no freedoms, little consumer goods, and no speaking out against government High demand for skilled workers- increase in higher education Women Gain Rights Joined labor force and new rights Huge price-also expected to take care of household and produce new loyal citizens Stalin in complete control What was the cost that people had to endure in the USSR? What were some of positives for ordinary people and women under the Stalin regime? Why was this accompanied by so many negatives?