The End of the Cold War: The Expansion of Democracy and Continuing Challenges Review of China, USSR, and Cold War Foreign Policies Nixon to Carter Diplomacy/Foreign Policy
What causes a country to become weak? Cold War 1949-1991 – USSR/US Space race, Berlin Wall, Korean War, Vietnam War, Cuba, culture in US What causes a country to become weak? Why might the Soviet Union collapse/break apart at the end of the Cold War (1989-1991)? Think about technology, diplomacy, censorship, isolationism
What causes a country to become weak? Cold War 1949-1991 – USSR/US Space race, Berlin Wall, Korean War, Vietnam War, Cuba, culture in US What causes a country to become weak? Why might the Soviet Union collapse/break apart at the end of the Cold War (1989-1991)? Think about technology, diplomacy, censorship, isolationism
The End of the Cold War: The Expansion of Democracy and Continuing Challenges Review of China, USSR, and Cold War Foreign Policies Nixon to Carter Diplomacy/Foreign Policy
What causes a country to become weak? Cold War 1949-1991 – USSR/US Space race, Berlin Wall, Korean War, Vietnam War, Cuba, culture in US What causes a country to become weak? Why might the Soviet Union collapse/break apart at the end of the Cold War (1989-1991)? Think about technology, diplomacy, censorship, isolationism
USSR Russia. ARMENIA Estonia. AZERBAIJAN Latvia. Kazakhstan Lithuania USSR Russia ARMENIA Estonia AZERBAIJAN Latvia Kazakhstan Lithuania Uzbekistan Belarus Kyrgyzstan Moldova Turkmenistan Ukraine Tajikistan GEORGIA Italicized = new Euro countries Underlined = Muslim Asian countries CAPITALIZED = CAUCASUS Warsaw Pact Poland E. Germany Czechoslovakia Austria Switzerland Hungary Romania Bulgaria
American Policy of detente REVIEW Nixon (President 1969-1974) entered office to find: - Anti-communist feelings (that he shared) - Benefit of open relationships for trade, technology advances - Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) – isolationism, few trade and diplomatic opportunities with US - No recognition of Communist China, recognize Chinese Taiwan instead - Strained USSR-China relationship - Met with Mao to ease diplomatic relations 1971 – US dropped 21 year embargo on trade with China 1972 – historic visit with Mao in China, opened entry to the United Nations American Policy of detente NEW Detente- an ending of unfriendly or hostile relations between countries – cooling tensions Cold War Detente - permanent relaxation in international affairs (mostly between US-China-USSR) Nixon wanted to: - Use USSR-China tension to benefit the US – TRIANGULAR POLICY Balance of power between the 3 countries - Ease arms race tension with USSR – SALT ACCORD Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty: limit nuclear arms - Open trade with USSR and have a joint space exploration
Gerald Ford- worked with communist countries in creating Human Rights organization Jimmy Carter’s Foreign Policy – Human Rights Basis for Diplomacy President from 1977-1981 When US sees a threat to human rights, it will speak up Violations in Czechoslovakia, USSR, Uganda, China Reduce foreign aid to countries who violate human rights Rights to: be free from government violation of the integrity of the person; fulfill vital needs such as food, shelter, and education; civil and political freedoms US use diplomatic tools public statements consultations with allies cooperation with non-gov’t and int’l organizations “Because we are free, we can never be indifferent to the fate of freedom elsewhere. Our moral sense dictates a clear-cut preference for those societies which share with us an abiding respect for individual human rights.” - Jimmy Carter, Inaugural Address 1/20/77
Read pages 832-837 pay close attention to: détente SALT Presidential diplomacy Afghanistan solidarity Gorbechev glasnost