Guess who? One-celled Takes in food Has two or more flagella What phyla is this protist part of? What is a common example of this protist?

Toxins: Microfiber Plastics mimicking phytoplankton http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm ?id=oceans-teem-with-tiny-plastic-parti-11-11-20 Other toxins: http://www.davidsuzuki.org/issues/health/science/toxics/th e-dirt-on-toxic-chemicals-in-household-cleaning-products/

Kingdom Protista Groups Animal-like Ciliophora 3. Zoomastigina Sarcodina 4. Sporozoa Plant-like Euglenophyta Pyrrophyta Chrysophyta Bacillariophyta Rhodaphyta Phaeophyta Chlorophyta Fungus-like Slime Molds Acrasiomycota Myxomycota Watermolds Oomycota

Fungus-Like Protists Fungus-like protists are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter Unlike true fungi, however, fungus-like protists have centrioles and lack chitin in their cell wall The fungus-like protists include: Cellular slime molds Acellular slime molds Water molds SAPROTROPHIC = ABSORB FOOD

Slime Molds Slime molds are fungus-like protists that play key roles in recycling organic material They are found in damp places that are rich in organic matter, such as forest floors The 2 groups of slime molds are: Cellular slime molds (individual cells remain distinct) Acellular slime molds (cells fuse to form larger cells during some life cycle phases)

What is intelligence? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXeygGxu8-8 Are animals or plants intelligent? Bacteria? Viruses?

FUNGAL-LIKE PROTISTS – SLIME MOLDS PHYLUM :ACRASIOMYCOTA

PHYLUM : Myxomycota Form Non-cellular –many nuclei (Acellular) Slime Molds called Plasmodiums ----- yup that sounds a lot like plasmodium!!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GScyw3ammmk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1QddysUEjU&feature=related

Commonly called “DOG VOMIT Slime Mold”

Water Molds Water molds are members of the phylum Oomycota They thrive on dead or decaying organic matter in water and are plant parasites on land

Water molds The Oomycota species Phytophthora infestans caused the Great Potato Famine that killed nearly a million people in Ireland in 1846–1847. The water mold virtually wiped out the country’s potato crops, which were an essential staple in the Irish diet (sometimes the only food on the table.)

Fungus-like Protists Arbutus trees grow within 10Km of the pacific ocean. Numbers of Arbutus have drastically declined over the last few years. Urbanization was thought to be the cause. Researchers found that fungi-like protists are causing root-rot in the tress. Phytophthora cactorum http://www.nanaimo.ca/assets/Departments/Parks~Rec~Culture/Parks/Parks_diseases_arbutus.pdf

Why would they ask you not to prune the trees? The arbutus population has been declining at an alarming rate for the past several years, but there is no clear answer to the exact cause of Arbutus death. Ways to help: Minimize human influence around the arbutus trees Avoid disrupting roots and damaging above- ground portions of the trees. Do not prune

How to help Any wound is an entry point to disease causing pathogens and micro-organisms. Bark (like human skin) is a protective barrier against pathogens. Do not irrigate established plants this encourages surface rooting, which is typically short- lived and considerably less resilient than deep rooting. Plant more arbutus

Plant & Fungus-Like Protist-review questions Your protist notes should be nearly compete Tomorrow we will look at macro-algae & clear up endo- symbiotic theory Protist Test on Friday Microbiology Unit test on Wednesday Nov. 20th Thursday/Friday start Animals –Chapter 26 & 27

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZup18AZtzk

Plant-Like Protists: Red, Brown, and Green Algae The 3 phyla of algae that are largely multicellular are commonly known as red algae, brown algae, and green algae A major difference among these phyla are their photosynthetic pigments

Chlorophyll & Acessory Pigments One of the key characteristics used to classify algae is the type of photosynthetic pigments they contain various groups of algae have evolved different forms of chlorophyll – each absorbs different wavelengths Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll c Many algae also have accessory pigments that absorb light at different wavelengths than chlorophyll

Rhodophyta- Red Algae Red algae are plant-like protists that are members of the phylum Rhodophyta Meaning “red plants” Red algae are able to live at great depths due to their efficiency in harvesting reddish accessory pigments called phycobilins Phycobilins absorb blue light, enabling red algae to live deeper in the ocean Most red algae are multicellular and can live in waters from the polar regions to the tropics Example: Chondrus crispus (irish moss)

Red Algae Turkish Towel Chondrus crispus (Irish moss)

Phaeophyta- Brown Algae Brown algae are plant-like protists that belong to the phylum Phaeophyta Means “dusky plants” Brown algae contain chlorophyll a and c, as well as a brown accessory pigment, fucoxanthin All brown algae are multicellular and most live in cool, shallow, coastal marine waters Examples: giant kelp, Sargassum, and Fucus

Brown Algae Giant kelp

Chlorophyts: Green Algae Green algae are members of the phylum Chlorophyts Means “green plants” Green algae share many characteristics with plants, Have cellulose in cell wall Contain chlorophyll a and b Store food in the form of starch Green algae can be found in fresh or salt water Some are single cells (ex: Chlamydomonas) Some form colonies (ex: Volvox) Some are multi-cellular (ex: Ulva)

Green Algae Chlamhydomonas unicellular green algae Volvox colonial Ulva multicellular green algae

Human Uses of Algae Ice creams Salad dressings Plastics Waxes Deodorants Paints Agar