How did Public Education and Higher Education Expand in America?

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How did Public Education and Higher Education Expand in America? United States History & Government || Br. Siraj 11th Grade Boys & Girls || May 8, 2019

Expansion of Public Education Children’s School 1865- 1895: 12 to 16 weeks of school for children aged between 8 and 14 Curriculum included reading, writing, and arithmetic Strict Rules and physical Punishment Kindergarten were started by private sector Kindergartens surged from 200 in 1800 to 3000 in 1900. Public Schools also added kindergarten to their system Blacks and Whites differed in school going (34% black children compared to 62% white children)

The growth of high schools Industrial demand for technical and managerial skills spurred the growth of high schools By 1900 high schools students reached ½ million. Curriculum expanded to include science, civics and social studies Vocational studies prepared male graduates for industrial jobs in the following fields: Drafting, carpentry, and mechanics Females for office work.

Racial Discrimination African Americans were mostly excluded from Public Secondary Education In 1890 less than 1% of African Americans attended high school. More than 2/3 went to private schools. By 1920 only 3 percent of African Americans went to high School.

Immigrants and Education Immigrants were encouraged to go to school. Most immigrants sent their children to Public Schools Some Immigrants did not like the Americanization of their children They set up private institutions Adult immigrants attended night schools Employers had day time education to Americanize their workers

Expansion of Higher Education Changes in Universities Between 1880-1920 College Students increased 4 times than before. Changes in College Curriculum took place Research Universities appeared New Schools were established in colleges: Modern Languages, Psychology, Sociology, Law and Medicine. Private Colleges required entrance examination

Expansion of Higher Education African Americans and Higher Education African Americans attended higher education after the civil war in big numbers They founded there own universities with the help of Freedmen’s Bureau and others Howard, Atlanta and Fisk universities Not enough could be done with private donors

Expansion of Higher Education Booker T. Washington believed in vocational education for African Americans Started “Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute” W. E. B. Du Bois believed in Normal Liberal Arts Education Founded the “Niagara Movement”