The Middle Ages (Medieval Times)

Feudalism-political system of the (exchange grants for loyalties) Parts of the feudal system Estate/Manor- an estate granted to nobles for their loyalties (military service) Vassal- landowning noble Serfs- peasants who worked land for nobles (given plots to work and live in exchange for taxes and soldiering)

B. Other terms for the feudal system Homage- pledge of loyalty Code of knighthood (good manners)- brave, truthful, defend church, respect women C. Hierarchy of feudal system Kings-at the top-provide land for vassals Lived in castles Castles are on hills or surrounded by moats for protection

Medieval Society A. Economic advances 2. Vassals- nobles dukes, lords, etc.-provide military (knights) 3. Serfs- bottom- peasant farmers who worked the land Medieval Society A. Economic advances Expansion of towns and roads = expansion of trade (to be a town you had to receive a charter) Expansion of trade = new inventions and ideas

B. Development of Businesses New inventions = better farming (Ex. Plow) Money economy, no barter system B. Development of Businesses Guilds- groups of businesses who would control the market, they set prices and regulated their town business (keep out competition) Masters- owners of shops (skilled artisans) Journeyman- a paid apprentice (would become a master when they submitted their own masterpiece)

C. Negative Aspects of growing population in cities 4. Apprentice- worked for master without pay to learn the trade The development of business is the beginning of the modern middle class family C. Negative Aspects of growing population in cities Overcrowding = less jobs Overcrowding = more crime Overcrowding = more disease Bubonic Plague(black death)-1348-1350 Killed 1/3 of Europe population

E. Advances in literature and art Rebirth of epics (narrative poem)- Beowulf Troubadours- traveling poet musicians (told stories) Vernacular-Canterbury Tales(Geoffrey Chaucer) Gothic architecture- high arches, buttresses