Imperialism The policy of extending a country’s power or dominance through diplomacy or military force The seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country Imperialism was caused by industrial needs for raw materials and markets to sell manufactured goods.

Imperialism

Forms of Imperial Control Colony – a country or territory governed by a foreign power (foreigners hold government positions) Protectorate – a country or territory with it’s own government but under the control of an outside power (locals hold government positions but are controlled by foreigners) Sphere of Influence – an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading rights Economic Imperialism – an independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments

Imperial Management Indirect Control Relies on existing political rulers Local rulers are trained in foreign methods of government Local rulers hold government offices Goal: To develop future leaders Foreign Rulers Local Rulers Colonial Population

Imperial Management Direct Control Local societies are unable to handle their own government Foreign officials hold government offices No self-rule Paternalism: providing for the needs of the colony without giving them rights Goal: Assimilation; Local populations will adopt European culture Foreign Rulers Colonial Population

Imperialism in Africa Before colonization, Africa consisted of hundreds of ethnic and linguistic groups. At the Berlin Conference of 1884- 1885, 14 European nations met to establish rules for the division of Africa; African leaders not invited. Causes: Industrialization Nationalism The variety of languages and cultures in Africa made it easier to exploit (people were not united). * Liberia & Ethiopia not claimed

The Belgian Congo Belgium King Leopold II used Christianity and the abolition of slavery as justification for colonization of the African Congo.

The Belgian Congo Belgium System: Economic Imperialism Economic Products Rubber, Copper, Cotton, Palm oil, Coffee Impact of Colonialism Forced labor Segregation Natives had no political freedom or voice in government 10 million people died as a result of colonial abuse

Nigeria Britian System: British protectorate Economic Products Palm Oil Impact of Colonialism Loss of traditional culture Famines resulted from the change from subsistence agriculture to cash crops Artificial political boundaries created ongoing political problems (map page 777)

India Great Britain

India Great Britain System: Economic Imperialism Economic Products Tea, Indigo, Coffee, Cotton, Opium Impact of Colonialism Indian industries were restricted The emphasis on cash crops reduced the self-sufficiency of communities Shift to cash crop agriculture resulted in famine

Southeast Asia Dutch System: Economic Imperialism Economic Products Oil, Tin, Rubber Impact of Colonialism Rigid class system with SE Asians on bottom Millions of people migrated there from other parts of Asia looking for work. The region became a mix of Hindu, Muslim, Christian, and Buddhist culture, resulting in tension that still exists today.

Malaysia British System: Economic Imperialism Economic Products Tin, Rubber Impact of Colonialism The British encouraged Chinese immigration in order to work as labor in tin mines and on rubber plantations. The Chinese population soon outnumbered the Malaysian population, making Malaysians the minority.

Indochina French System: Colony Economic Products Rice Impact of Colonialism Several rebellions against French Rule. Vietnam fought a war for independence against France that lasted nine years.

Imperialism Political Cartoon Working individually or with a partner, develop a political cartoon depicting imperialism in Africa, India, or Southeast Asia Your cartoon can address any of the following topics: division of land among European nations, type of economic system set up, economic products, or the impact of imperialism Items to include: pictures/symbols, key words/phrases/ideas, caption/title Final product should be colored on a sheet of copy paper and should fully represent the ideas discussed in class On the back, write a 2-3 sentence explanation of your cartoon and how it relates to the topic