SCM-06: Update on Inter-calibration of imager observations from time-series of geostationary satellites (IOGEO) 4 and 8 March 2019, Frascati, Italy Rob Roebeling (EUM) on behalf of the project participants

Project purpose at start Phase II

SCM-06 IOGEO* Towards a GEO ring Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) of inter-calibrated Infrared, Water vapour and Visible radiances European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (Rob Roebeling, Tim Hewison) Japanese Meteorological Agency (Masaya Takahashi) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Kenneth Knapp, Anand Inamdar) Deutscher Wetterdienst (Marc Schroeder) China Meteorological Administration (Peng Zhang, Xiuqing Hu) Indian Meteorological Department (A.K. Sharma, Ashim Mitra) Korea Meteorological Administration (Dohyeong Kim, Hyesook Lee) *Inter-calibration of imager observations from time-series of geostationary satellites (IOGEO) Proposed Outline: 1. Review of project purpose at the Phase II start      a) what was the state of the community/science/CDR at the start?     b) what was desired SCOPE-CM role and purpose for collaborating?     c) what was the initial maturity (from matrix) of the project?   2. Key findings, advances and developments in Phase II     a) maturity upgrades     b) CDR data and science improvements     c) process and production improvements 3. Summary of project state at end of Phase II     a) metrics and milestones attained (e.g., period of record, geographic coverage, data sources,          data volumes and archiving, distribution and users, validation, publications)     b) maturity level (compared to start) and readiness for sustained production (or not)     c) state of CDR ownership and/or member coalition - can team continue forward?     d) state of user community -- applications and communities requesting this CDR         -- to which community is the project most aligned and responsive to? (e.g., models/Obs4MIPS, GFCS) 4. Difficulties, challenges and uncertainties      a) scientific/technical, financial, personnel, schedule, compute, data access/distribution, political, etc. 5. Next steps for project (over 1-3 years)     a) please include proposed collaboration/relationship with designated user community 6. Desired role and relationship with SCOPE-CM in Phase III (given SCM to focus more on    coordination, sustainment, agreements and gap-filling going forward in coordination with WGClimate),    suggested role for SCOPE-CM with regard to existing or new projects still in development (vs. production). 3

SCM-06 IOGEO - Introduction Objective: Re-calibrate and Inter-calibrate Meteosat First Generation (MFG) and Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) IR, WV, and VIS radiances from 1982 till date. Project Activities: to share common re-calibration methods between the participating agencies; to re-calibrate geostationary data from all heritage instruments; to compare re-calibrated geostationary data in overlap regions; to prepare an FCDR of re-gridded radiances normalized to a reference instrument; We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan. However, we are only at the beginning. Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF Infrastructure Elements: Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing; Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools; Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution. Sensor Intercalibration Level 2 and Level 3 data Records CDR Quality Assessment Interoperability of CDRs. Benefits of common actions for international activities would be: GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate; SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs; The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM; International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors; NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate; NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC. 4

Key findings, advances and developments Phase II Key findings, advances and developments

Method sharing & Reprocessing of geostationary data Status on: Method sharing & Reprocessing of geostationary data During phase-II three new partners joint IOGEO, i.e.: CMA, IMD, and KMA. [IR and WV calibration] JMA, EUMETSAT, CMA, and NOAA use similar re-calibration methods for their heritage geostationary IR/WV channels, taking infrared sounder (HIRS/2/AIRS/IASI) observations as reference; [IR and WV calibration] IMD and KMA are planning to adopt HIRS based re-calibration methods as well; [IR and WV calibration] EUMETSAT and JMA generated, in close collaboration, a 30 years+ FCDRs for their heritage IR/WV channels; [VIS calibration] NOAA uses MODIS observations as a reference for the re-calibration of the their geostationary VIS channel; [VIS calibration] EUMETSAT uses vicarious calibration techniques to reconstruct the spectral response and to re-calibrate VIS channel on Meteosat First Generation (MFG) satellites; [VIS calibration] EUMETSAT generated a 30 years+ FCDR for their VIS channel.

Homogenized time-series of EUMETSAT and JMA IR and WV channels 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 MFG Series Radiances- homogenized to the 11 micron channel of Meteosat-5 MFG Series Radiances- homogenized to the 6 micron channel of Meteosat-5 JMA Series Radiances- homogenized to 11 micron channel of MTSAT-2 JMA Series Radiances- homogenized to 7 micron channel of MTSAT-2 1977 1985 1993 2001 2009 2017 Figure: Time-series of EUMETSAT (MFG) and JMA (GMS, GOES-9, MTSAT) homogenised IR and WV FCDRs

Homogenized time-series of EUMETSAT VIS channel Figure: Time-series of EUMETSAT (MFG) homogenised VIS FCDR over an Algerian, Nile, and Ocean target

Joint IOGEO and GSICS inter-comparison of harmonised (re-calibrated) WV, IR (and VIS) radiances 11

IOGEO and GSICS inter-comparison GSICS and IOGEO partners initiated a joint study to compare to compare harmonized (or re-calibrated) radiances from the water vapor (WV), infrared (IR), (and visible (VIS)) channels on heritage geostationary satellites. A common repository (FTP site) has been set-up where GSICS and IOGEO partners uploaded their recalibrated data for two test days. Under the lead of GSICS, GSICS and IOGEO are now searching for resources for doing the inter-comparison work, including: To inter-compare re-calibrated data in overlapping regions; To compare re-calibrated data against IASI observations; To compare re-calibrated data against simulated radiances from ECMWF. We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan. However, we are only at the beginning. Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF Infrastructure Elements: Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing; Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools; Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution. Sensor Intercalibration Level 2 and Level 3 data Records CDR Quality Assessment Interoperability of CDRs. Benefits of common actions for international activities would be: GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate; SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs; The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM; International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors; NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate; NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC. 12

IOGEO and GSICS inter-comparison – Status Data Uploads 2015-08-19 2016-07-21 00z 03z 06z 09z 12z 15z 18z 21z 24z 21 GOES-15 135°W  GOES-13 75°W Met-10 0°E Met-7 57°E Kalpana 82°E  FY-2D 123°E  FY-2G 105°E FY-2F 112°E COMS-1 128°E Himawari 145°E  : Ready and uploaded to the common FTP site  : Ready but not yet uploaded to the common FTP site  : Not ready  : Current status needs to be checked

Project status at end Phase II Lessons Learnt Potential for future Activities We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan. However, we are only at the beginning. Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF Infrastructure Elements: Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing; Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools; Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution. Sensor Intercalibration Level 2 and Level 3 data Records CDR Quality Assessment Interoperability of CDRs. Benefits of common actions for international activities would be: GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate; SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs; The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM; International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors; NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate; NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC. 14

Project Status at end of Phase-II EUMETSAT produced FCDR of MVIRI and SEVIRI recalibrated radiances for the IR and WV channels covering the period 1982 – 2017, using HIRS/2, IASI and AIRS observations as a reference (common recalibration method developed at EUMETSAT). EUMETSAT and JMA produced FCDR of GMS/GOES/MTSAT recalibrated radiances for the IR and WV channels covering the period 1978-2017, using EUMETSATs recalibration method. EUMETSAT produced FCDR of MVIRI recalibrated radiances for the VIS channel covering the period 1982 – 2017, using reconstructed spectral response functions from the FIDUCEO project. Prepared common repository for joint GSICS and IOGEO comparison of recalibrated VIS/IR/WV radiances. We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan. However, we are only at the beginning. Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF Infrastructure Elements: Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing; Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools; Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution. Sensor Intercalibration Level 2 and Level 3 data Records CDR Quality Assessment Interoperability of CDRs. Benefits of common actions for international activities would be: GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate; SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs; The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM; International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors; NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate; NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC. 15

Lessons Learnt Much work has been done at the individual space agencies on improving the time-series of their sensors; Great progress has been made on using one method on another agencies data (EUMETSAT’s for JMA satellites); Stay of JMA Visiting Scientist at EUMETSAT help to achieve the use of a common calibration method; Future challenge is to intensify the collaboration of space agencies and work towards a joint geo-ring FCDR that provides data with the same technical specifications (format, metadata etc.) and uses similar scientific methods. We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan. However, we are only at the beginning. Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF Infrastructure Elements: Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing; Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools; Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution. Sensor Intercalibration Level 2 and Level 3 data Records CDR Quality Assessment Interoperability of CDRs. Benefits of common actions for international activities would be: GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate; SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs; The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM; International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors; NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate; NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC. 16

Next steps [short term need] To seek for support to perform the GSICS to IOGEO comparison; [short term need] To continue collaborative activities between space agencies (e.g. through longer-term visiting scientist as done by JMA and EUMETSAT) to accomplishing recalibration of CMA, KMA, and NOAA geostationary satellites; [long term need] To generation of a combined product of gridded inter-calibrated radiances that is based on re-calibrated radiances from as many geostationary satellite data as possible We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan. However, we are only at the beginning. Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF Infrastructure Elements: Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing; Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools; Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution. Sensor Intercalibration Level 2 and Level 3 data Records CDR Quality Assessment Interoperability of CDRs. Benefits of common actions for international activities would be: GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate; SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs; The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM; International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors; NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate; NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC. 17

Thank You