Folding studies on ribonuclease A, a model protein

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Folding studies on ribonuclease A, a model protein José Luis Neira, Manuel Rico Folding and Design Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages R1-R11 (February 1997) DOI: 10.1016/S1359-0278(97)00001-1 Copyright © 1997 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 MOLSCRIPT[70] stereoscopic illustration of one of the solution structures of RNase A determined by NMR methods[14]. Folding and Design 1997 2, R1-R11DOI: (10.1016/S1359-0278(97)00001-1) Copyright © 1997 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Scheme of one part of the β-sheet of RNase A. Helix III (residues 50–60) lies on top of this sheet with residues Val57–Cys58 in close contact with Tyr73–Ser75 and Ile106–Val108. All these residues form a hydrophobic core of exceptional stability against unfolding. Helix III is further linked to the β-sheet by the disulfide bond Cys58–Cys110. Framed amide protons are those protected against exchange. Thick framed protons are the ones with slowest exchange rates under all conditions. Folding and Design 1997 2, R1-R11DOI: (10.1016/S1359-0278(97)00001-1) Copyright © 1997 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Scheme of the other part of the β-sheet of RNase A. The S-peptide segment (residues 1–20) is attached to this part of the β-sheet by hydrogen bonds of His12(CO) and Asp14(NH) to the -NH and -CO of Val47. Helix II is connected to the β-sheet via the disulfide bond between cysteines 26 and 84. Framed amide protons are those protected against exchange. Thick framed protons are the ones with slowest exchange rates under all conditions. Folding and Design 1997 2, R1-R11DOI: (10.1016/S1359-0278(97)00001-1) Copyright © 1997 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Model for the unfolding of RNase A proposed by Scheraga and co-workers[64]. First, Uvf, the species with all X–Pro bonds in the native state, is formed in a pure conformational step. Then, successive and independent cis–trans and trans–cis isomerization events at the peptide bonds of X–Pro93, X–Pro114, and X–Pro117 yield the remaining species present in the heterogeneous unfolded state. Uvf, Uf, Um and Us refer to the kinetic species showing very fast, fast, medium, and slow refolding. Letters on top of the different species refer to the cis–trans state of the peptide bond preceding respectively Pro93, Pro114, and Pro117. Folding and Design 1997 2, R1-R11DOI: (10.1016/S1359-0278(97)00001-1) Copyright © 1997 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions