Final Review Perennial Irrigation: An irrigation system that provides necessary water to the land throughout the year. Deforestation: The process of stripping land of its trees.

Desertification: The transformation of arable land into desert either naturally or through human intervention. Coup: The sudden overthrow of a ruler or government. Refugee: A person who flees their country to escape danger or unfair treatment.

Mercenary: A professional soldier hired by a foreign country. How do physical features influence where humans settle? Must be near water, arable land, livable climate, etc. Key physical features of N. Africa: Sahara desert & Nile River

How has ancient conquest affected North Africa? Brought Religion (Islam), language (Arabic) and new culture. Genocide: The systematic killing and intentional destruction of a people. Where did some major genocides occur in the 90’s Rwanda and Sudan How did the international communities respond? Ignored it

Over 800,000 people were killed in ethnic violence in what African nation? Rwanda Where did the Black Hawk Down incident occur? Somalia Why were US soldiers sent to Somalia? To insure that food got to the people who needed it How did the people of Somalia react to the Americans? Were happy at first then angry after innocent people started being killed

Reasons why AIDS/HIV have spread so quickly across Africa. Many partners, unprotected sex & don’t talk about sex How many countries are in Africa? About 54 How many languages are spoken in Africa? About 2000 Approx. population of Africa 800,000 Which one of the following is not happening in Africa today-AIDS, Apartheid, Genocide, starvation Apartheid

The two most populated countries in the world India and China Famous political/religious leader in India Gandhi Civil Disobedience Non violent protest Mexico gained its independence from who? Spain What group controlled Latin America for many years? Catholic Church

How much land did Mexico lose to the US in 1848? About half Year Mexico create new constitution and what two groups did it really help? 1921, Indians and Mestizos What two things did the Catholic Church control in Latin America? Land and Education What country conquered Spain in 1808 and for a short time controlled much of Latin America? France

What two events inspired Latin America to fight for its freedom? American Revolution and French revolution What European Country controlled Haiti? France Which Spanish Colony first fought for independence? Mexico San Martin crossed the Andes to help what country gain independence? Chile Brazil gained its independence from what country? Portugal

Primary Education started in Brazil in what year? Flash Kidnapping Forced to use ATM cards School to work program Paid mothers in Brazil to get their kids to school Primary Education started in Brazil in what year? 1960 Push/Pull factors are related to what? Immigration