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Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.40 Figure 3 Deregulation of the HGF/c-MET pathway in colorectal cancer and gastric cancer Figure 3 | Deregulation of the HGF/c-MET pathway in colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. HGF/c-MET pathway deregulation can be induced by different mechanisms. Ligand-independent mechanisms include MET amplification, MET mutations (exon 14 skipping), enhanced MET transcription, and c-MET protein overexpression. Ligand- dependent mechanisms include aberrant autocrine HGF transcription and expression, and paracrine HGF secretion from stromal cells within the tumour microenvironment. Bradley, C. A. et al. (2017) Targeting c‑MET in gastrointestinal tumours: rationale, opportunities and challenges Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.40