From Hot to Cold War WWII Ends

Yalta Conference Yalta Conference- Postwar divisions Creation of the United Nations

United Nations International organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and the achieving of world peace

V-E Day May 1945 – Allied troops take Berlin Hitler and wife commit suicide in Berlin as Soviets take the city Germany Surrenders –May 8, 1045 – Victory in Europe Day! US turns its attention to the finishing the Pacific Front

Potsdam Conference Potsdam Conference Postwar division of Germany (4 sectors) Atomic Bomb is announced Truman makes decision to use A-bombs to spare the loss of more American lives.

Hiroshima Enola Gay B-29 bomber with “Little Boy” August 6, 1945

Nagasaki August 9, 1945 Bockscar “Fat Man”

Atomic Bomb Impacts Black Rain Physical Effects Radioactive debris was deposited by "black rain" that fell heavily for over an hour over a wide area Physical Effects Acute: burns and wounds, fatigue, headaches, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, abnormally low white blood cell count, bloody discharge, anemia, loss of hair Long-term: keloids (massive scar tissue on burned areas), cataracts, leukemia and other cancers.

V-J Day WWII IS OVER! Japanese representatives board the USS Missouri August 14/15, 1945 WWII IS OVER!

Nuremberg Trials Military tribunals most notable for the prosecution of members of the political, military, and economic leadership of the defeated Nazi Germany Best known of these trials was the Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal (IMT), which tried 22 of the most important captured leaders of Nazi Germany

US Occupation of Japan Led by Gen. Douglas MacArthur Reformed Japan’s economy – state capitalism “Japanese Miracle” New Constitution Est. democratic government Guaranteed basic freedoms Tokyo Trials – IMT tries leading generals for war crimes (re: POWs)

USSR v US Declaration of Liberated Europe NOT upheld by USSR! – Continue presence in Eastern Europe. These nations become SATELLITE NATIONS.

“Iron Curtain” “Iron Curtain”- phrase coined by Churchill describing the separation between Communist nations and the West.

“Cold War” Continuing state of political conflict, military tension, proxy wars, and economic competition existing after World War II (1939–1945), primarily between the Soviet Union and its satellite states, and the powers of the Western world, particularly the United States.

Truman Doctrine “Containment” using military, economic, and diplomatic strategies to temper the spread of communism prevent a "domino effect“ What is communism?

Communism a system of social organization in which all economic and social activity is controlled by a totalitarian state dominated by a single and self-perpetuating political party

Marshall Plan Marshall Plan – economic recovery plan to give supplies, machinery, & food to Europe lessen the appeal of Communism, support Truman Doctrine

Creation of NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization organization constitutes a system of collective defense whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party