Global Summary of the HIV and AIDS Epidemic December 2004 Number of people living with HIV in 2004 Total: 39.4 million (35.9 – 44.3 million) Adults 37.2 million (33.8 – 41.7 million) Women 17.6 million (16.3 – 19.5 million) Children under 15 years 2.2 million (2.0 – 2.6 million) People newly infected with HIV in 2004 Total: 4.9 million (4.3 – 6.4 million) Adults 4.3 million (3.7 – 5.7 million) Children under 15 years 640 000 (570 000 – 750 000) AIDS deaths in 2004 Total: 3.1 million (2.8 – 3.5 million) Adults 2.6 million (2.3 – 2.9 million) Children under 15 years 510 000 (460 000 – 600 000) Suggested main points for this slide: The total number of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rose in 2004 to reach its highest level ever: an estimated 39.4 million. Early in the epidemic, men vastly outnumbered women among people infected with HIV. Now the AIDS epidemic is increasingly affecting women and girls. Globally, just under half of all people living with HIV are female. Note: Adults are defined as being 15 to 49 years of age. The ranges following each prevalence estimate define the boundaries within which the actual numbers lie, based on the best available information. The included presentation notes have been added by the Population Reference Bureau. The ranges around the estimates in this table define the boundaries within which the actual numbers lie, based on the best available information.

Regional HIV and AIDS statistics and features, end of 2004 Adult & child deaths due to AIDS Adult prevalence [%] * Adults & children newly infected with HIV Adults & children living with HIV TOTAL Oceania North America Western & Central Europe E. Europe & Central Asia Caribbean Latin America East Asia South and South-East Asia North Africa & Middle East Sub-Saharan Africa 25.4 million [23.4 – 28.4 million] 3.1 million [2.7 – 3.8 million] 7.4 [6.9 – 8.3] 2.3 million [2.1 – 2.6 million] 540 000 [230 000 – 1.5 million] 92 000 [34 000 – 350 000] 0.3 [0.1 – 0.7] 28 000 [12 000 – 72 000] 7.1 million [4.4 – 10.6 million] 890 000 [480 000 – 2.0 million] 0.6 [0.4 – 0.9] 490 000 [300 000 – 750 000] 1.1 million [560 000 – 1.8 million] 290 000 [84 000 – 830 000] 0.1 [0.1 – 0.2] 51 000 [25 000 – 86 000] 1.7 million [1.3 – 2.2 million] 240 000 [170 000 – 430 000] 0.6 [0.5 – 0.8] 95 000 [73 000 – 120 000] 440 000 [270 000 – 780 000] 53 000 [27 000 – 140 000] 2.3 [1.5 – 4.1] 36 000 [24 000 – 61 000] 1.4 million [920 000 – 2.1 million] 210 000 [110 000 – 480 000] 0.8 [0.5 – 1.2] 60 000 [39 000 – 87 000] 610 000 [480 000 – 760 000] 21 000 [14 000 – 38 000] 0.3 [0.2 – 0.3] 6 500 [ <8 500] Sub-Saharan Africa has just over 10% of the world’s population, but is home to more than 60% of all people living with HIV—some 25.4 million. Adult HIV prevalence has been roughly stable in recent years. But stabilization does not necessarily mean the epidemic is slowing. On the contrary, it can disguise the worst phases of an epidemic—when roughly equal numbers of people are being newly infected with HIV and are dying of AIDS. National HIV infection levels in Asia are low compared with some other continents, notably Africa. But the populations of many Asian nations are so large that even low national HIV prevalence means large numbers of people are living with HIV. Latest estimates show some 8.2 million people in Asia (2.3 million adult women) were living with HIV at the end of 2004. 1.0 million [540 000 – 1.6 million] 44 000 [16 000 – 120 000] 0.6 [0.3 – 1.0] 16 000 [8 400 – 25 000] 35 000 [25 000 – 48 000] 5 000 [2 100 – 13 000] 0.2 [0.1 - 0.3] 700 <1 700] 39.4 million [35.9 – 44.3 million] 4.9 million [4.3 – 6.4 million] 1.1 % [1.0 - 1.3%] 3.1 million [2.8 – 3.5 million] * The proportion of adults [15 to 49 years of age] living with HIV in 2004, using 2004 population numbers The ranges around the estimates in this table define the boundaries within which the actual numbers lie, based on the best available information.

Global Estimates for Adults and Children end 2004 People living with HIV New HIV infections in 2004 Deaths due to AIDS in 2004 39.4 million [35.9 – 44.3 million] 4.9 million [4.3 – 6.4 million] 3.1 million [2.8 – 3.5 million] Globally, an estimated 39.4 million people are living with HIV. This figure includes the 4.9 million people who acquired HIV in 2004. The global AIDS epidemic killed 3.1 million people in the past year.

Adults and Children Estimated to be Living with HIV as of end 2004 Western & Central Europe 610 000 [480 000 – 760 000] Eastern Europe & Central Asia 1.4 million [920 000 – 2.1 million] North America 1.0 million [540 000 – 1.6 million] East Asia 1.1 million [560 000 – 1.8 million] North Africa & Middle East 540 000 [230 000 – 1.5 million] Caribbean 440 000 [270 000 – 780 000] South & South-East Asia 7.1 million [4.4 – 10.6 million] Sub-Saharan Africa 25.4 million [23.4 – 28.4 million] Latin America 1.7 million [1.3 – 2.2 million] Oceania 35 000 [25 000 – 48 000] Sub-Saharan Africa remains by far the worst-affected region, with 25.4 million people living with HIV at the end of 2004, compared to 24.4 million in 2002. Just under two thirds (64%) of all people living with HIV are in sub-Saharan Africa, as are more than three quarters (76%) of all women living with HIV. HIV prevalence in the Caribbean is the second-highest in the world, exceeding 2% in five countries. As of the end of 2004, an estimated 3.1% of women and 1.7% of men in the ages of 15-24 were living with HIV. Haiti has the highest HIV prevalence in the Caribbean and Cuba, as an exception for the region, has very low HIV prevalence. Expanding access to antiretroviral treatment is helping a handful of Caribbean island countries make small yet significant progress in fighting the epidemic. Total: 39.4 (35.9 – 44.3) million

Western & Central Europe Estimated Number of Adults and Children Newly Infected with HIV during 2004 Western & Central Europe 21 000 [14 000 – 38 000] Eastern Europe & Central Asia 210 000 [110 000 – 480 000] North America 44 000 [16 000 – 120 000] East Asia 290 000 [84 000 – 830 000] North Africa & Middle East 92 000 [34 000 – 350 000] Caribbean 53 000 [27 000 – 140 000] South & South-East Asia 890 000 [480 000 – 2.0 million] Latin America 240 000 [170 000 – 430 000] Sub-Saharan Africa 3.1 million [2.7 – 3.8 million] Oceania 5 000 [2 100 – 13 000] The number of people living with HIV has been rising in every region, compared with two years ago, with the steepest increases occurring in East Asia, and in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The number of people living with HIV in East Asia rose by almost 50% between 2002 and 2004. In Eastern Europe and Central Asia, there were 40% more people living with HIV in 2004 than in 2002. Total: 4.9 (4.3 – 6.4) million

Estimated Adult and Child Deaths from AIDS during 2004 Western & Central Europe 6 500 [<8 500] Eastern Europe & Central Asia 60 000 [39 000 – 87 000] North America 16 000 [8 400 – 25 000] East Asia 51 000 [25 000 – 86 000] North Africa & Middle East 28 000 [12 000 – 72 000] Caribbean 36 000 [24 000 – 61 000] South & South-East Asia 490 000 [300 000 – 750 000] Sub-Saharan Africa 2.3 million [2.1 – 2.6 million] Latin America 95 000 [73 000 – 120 000] Oceania 700 [<1 700] Southern Africa is firmly in the grip of the AIDS epidemic, as more people suffer from HIV-related illnesses and die. Life expectancy at birth has dropped below 40 years in nine African countries. AIDS has killed one or both parents of an estimated 12 million children in sub-Saharan Africa. In the Caribbean, AIDS has become the leading cause of death among adults aged 15–44 years. However, with the introduction of antiretrovirals, survival time can be increased. On the treatment front, Brazil remains a beacon among developing countries. It continues to offer all people living with HIV access to antiretroviral drugs via its national health system. As a result, the survival time of AIDS patients has increased dramatically. Total: 3.1 (2.8 – 3.5) million

About 14 000 New HIV Infections per Day in 2004 More than 95% are in low and middle income countries Almost 2000 are in children under 15 years of age About 12 000 are in persons aged 15 to 49 years, of whom: almost 50% are women about 50% are 15–24 year olds Given the number of new infections, the need for continued prevention efforts is clear. Virtually every region, including sub-Saharan Africa, has several countries where the epidemic is still at a low level or at an early enough stage to be held in check by effective action. As women are increasingly affected, strategies are needed to address the structural dynamics of the AIDS epidemic—particularly the wide-ranging gender inequalities that help power the spread of HIV. It is important that women are more closely involved in designing and guiding programs that are meant to serve them.

Children (<15 years) Estimated to be Living with HIV as of end 2004 Eastern Europe & Central Asia 8 800 [7 100 – 13 000] Western & Central Europe 6 200 [4 900 – 7 900] North America 11 000 [5 600 – 17 300] East Asia 9 400 [3 300 – 27 000] North Africa & Middle East 24 000 [7 100 – 82 000] Caribbean 23 000 [12 000 – 49 000] South & South-East Asia 170 000 [95 000 – 320 000] Latin America 26 000 [21 000 – 43 000] Sub-Saharan Africa 1.9 million [1.7 – 2.3 million] Oceania 700 [< 2 500] The overwhelming majority of children with HIV contract the infection from their mothers, during pregnancy, delivery, or through breastfeeding. In sub-Saharan Africa, about 1.9 million children (younger than 15 years) were living with HIV at the end of 2004—almost 8% of the total number of people living with HIV in the region. Total: 2.2 (2.0 – 2.6) million

Western & Central Europe Estimated Number of Children (<15 years) Newly Infected with HIV during 2004 Western & Central Europe < 100 [< 200] Eastern Europe & Central Asia 1 800 [1 200 – 3 700] North America < 100 [< 200] East Asia 4 100 [1 500 – 11 000] Caribbean 6 100 [3 100 – 13 000] North Africa & Middle East 9 100 [2 800 – 30 000] South & South-East Asia 51 000 [30 000 – 95 000] Sub-Saharan Africa 560 000 [500 000 – 650 000] Latin America 6 800 [5 400 – 11 000] Oceania < 300 [< 1 000] Of the 2.2 million children (under the age of 15) worldwide living with HIV, 640,000 are estimated to be newly infected during 2004. Total: 640 000 (570 000 – 750 000)

Estimated Deaths in Children (<15 years) from AIDS during 2004 Western & Central Europe < 100 [< 200] Eastern Europe & Central Asia 1 100 [800 – 2 200] North America < 100 [< 200] East Asia 2 400 [900 – 6 900] Caribbean 5 300 [2 700 – 11 000] North Africa & Middle East 5 600 [1 700 – 19 000] South & South-East Asia 37 000 [22 000 – 70 000] Sub-Saharan Africa 450 000 [400 000 – 540 000] Latin America 6 000 [4 800 –9 800] Oceania < 200 [< 600] It is estimated that 510,000 children died from AIDS during 2004. Total: 510 000 (460 000 – 600 000)

End-2004 Global HIV and AIDS Estimates Children (<15 years) Children living with HIV New HIV infections in 2004 Deaths due to AIDS in 2004 2.2 million [2.0 – 2.6 million] 640 000 [570 000 – 750 000] 510 000 [460 000 – 600 000] It is estimated that: 2.2 million children (under the age of 15) worldwide are living with HIV 640,000 were newly infected during 2004 510,000 children died from AIDS during 2004