Unit 2: Foundations of American Government

Bell Ringer - Analyze. What is the meaning?

Learning Targets I can compare and contrast various systems of governments. I can determine & explain how governments differ in distribution of power.

Types of Governments Unitary: centralized government. All power is held by 1 or a single, central agency. Examples may include countries like Great Britain -a single, central organization (Parliament) holds all of the government’s power

Types of Governments Federal : powers of government are divided between a central or national government and lower levels of government. Example: The United States – the National government has certain powers but the states also have their powers

Types of Governments Confederation: an alliance of independent states. Only handles matters that the independent states have given it. Example: EU (European Union) the individual countries retain their own identity and laws BUT they come together on issues such as trade or defense.

Learning Targets SSCG1.b I can determine & explain how forms of government differ in their level of citizen participation.

Different Governments for Citizen Participation Autocracy: one person holds unlimited political power Example - dictatorship NO – Citizen Participation

Different Governments for Citizen Participation Oligarchy: power is held by a small group (typically wealthy)- gain control by military force. LITTLE TO NONE – Citizen Participation

Different Governments for Citizen Participation Democracy: Power rest with the people…government is conducted with the consent of the people. Example – the United States https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/world history/democracy/

Types of Democracy Direct : the will of the people is made into public policy directly through mass meetings where Citizens gather Representative: representatives are chosen through elections. Those who are elected represent the overall will of the people. 3. Republic: has sovereign power held by those who are eligible to vote, while political power is exercised by the representatives chosen by citizens

Learning Targets I can determine & explain how the role of the executive differs in presidential and parliamentary systems of government.

Types of Government Presidential: -Executive & legislative powers are separate. -President is head of executive -President elected every 4 year 2. Parliamentary : executive & legislative are one or same https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/thelaw/ parliamentarysystem/

Closing https://www.flocabulary.com/unit/forms-of-government/ After video students will do a “Lesson Tweet”

Bell Ringer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9zT4hkAxzLg&disable_polymer=true After video, discuss key points observed

Learning Targets SSCG2a I can analyze key ideas of limited government & rule of law as seen in the Magna Carta, Petition of Right, and the English Bill of Rights

Magna Carta 1215 Also known as the “Great Charter” & established that the power of monarchy was not absolute. King John by force by barons who wanted to limit the power of the king. Ideas Introduced: Limited government Due process of law Trial by jury Civil liberties Protection of private property https://www.bl.uk/magna-carta/videos/what-is- magna-carta

Magna Carta "No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgement of his equals or by the law of the land. To no one will we sell, to no one deny or delay right or justice."

Magna Carta…Why does it matter? Its enshrines the idea that power should not be used arbitrarily against a people. The Magna Carta is often cited as the key building block of democracy and one of its most vital foundational documents.

Petition of Right 1628 Parliament forced King Charles I of England to sign. Rights Established: No cruel punishment No excessive bail/fines Right to bear arms Right to petition king could not declare martial law in times of peace No quartering of king’s soldiers Even monarchs were expected to obey the law = Rule of Law

English Bill of Rights 1689 Passed by English parliament after Glorious Revolution and abuse of power by monarchy (William & Mary) No standing army in peace times Free Parliamentary elections Monarchy could NOT collect taxes w/o parliament’s consent citizens had right to petition the king Enforced earlier rights like the right to bear arms, no cruel punishment, no excessive bail/fines Gave Parliament the right to free speech and debate

The Enlightenment Also called the “Age of Reason”.  intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century.

Enlightenment Thinkers Thomas Hobbes Wrote book called - Leviathan (1651) – this book was a defense for the absolute power of kings. Ideal form of government – absolute monarch -(idea that man is naturally evil, selfish and left to their own man would not make the right decisions) Social contract: agreement between people and their government

Enlightenment Thinkers John Locke (English Philosopher) Wrote Two Treatises on Government (1690) Social contract Locke believed that everyone had natural rights (life, liberty, & property) & that they could not be taken away. These natural rights limited power of king/ruler. King’s role is to protect those natural rights of citizens. If rights were violated → people had right to revolt & establish a new government.

John Locke When drafting the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson used Locke’s ideas of “natural rights” (life, liberty, & property) Jefferson’s unalienable rights were changed slightly to life, liberty, & pursuit of happiness.

Enlightenment Thinkers Jean-Jacques Rousseau Wrote The Social Contract (1762) -Believed in direct democracy where citizens being the sovereign was the best form of government. -He did NOT agree with representative democracy

Enlightenment Thinkers Charles Montesquieu – French nobleman Wrote The Spirit of the Laws (1748) Supported a balance of power among government Ideas of separate branches of government operating independently of each other & with checks & balances.

INFORMATION CHECK The "Social Contract Theory" both arose from which philosophical movement? 2.Which statement best describes a political theory of John Locke? A)Men and women are born free and entitled to equality. B)A government's power comes from the consent of the people. C)There should be a separation between church and state. D)The government should be divided into three separate branches.

Learning Targets I can analyze the ways in which the philosophies influenced the Declaration of Independence.

Declaration of Indenpence Ideas found within: All men are created equal Unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness Governments are instituted among men and derived their power from the consent of the governed It’s the right of the people to alter or abolish government and institute a new government.

Declaration of Independence Preamble Declaration of Natural Rights List of Grievances Resolution of Independence

CLOSING Vocabulary Scavenger Hunt    Vocabulary Scavenger Hunt Students will be allowed to walk around room and gather answers from different students in order to complete their chart. ONLY 1 PERSON CAN ANSWER 1 BLOCK EACH