North vs. South The American Civil War

The War Begins… At 4:30am on April 12, 1861, the Civil War began with the attack on Fort Sumter

War Making Resources NORTH SOUTH 6 million white population Emancipation Proclamation 110,000 factories 30,000 track miles NY manufactured goods valued at $385 million SOUTH 6 million white population 3.5 million slaves 18,000 factories 9000 track miles VA, LA, AL, MS manufactured goods valued at $85 million

Unknowns of the Civil War Four border states of DE, MD, MO, & KY were crucial Long vs. short war Foreign intervention was also possible South identified with Revolution, with North cast in role of Britain

Two Kinds of Union General Some emphasized their difficulties over their strengths and had little stomach for fighting (McClellan) Others saw their opportunities and their opponent’s problems and never hesitated to fight (Grant)

First Battle of Bull Run President Lincoln ordered McDowell to advance, resulting in the First Battle of Bull Run (or First Manassas) on July 21, 1861 McDowell’s objective was Richmond, but he had to get through 22,000 Confederates

Battle of Shiloh “War,” as one Confederate cavalryman noted, “means fighting…and fighting means killing” Shiloh proved him true, as each side had more than 1,700 killed and 8,000 wounded

Robert E. Lee & Antietam Jefferson Davis appointed General Robert E. Lee on June 1, 1862 When darkness fell on the Antietam battlefield on September 17, 24,000 men lay dead, half of them in gray

Emancipation Proclamation Proclaimed on January 1st, 1863 “There is no power on earth which can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship” ~ Frederick Douglass

Battle of Chancellorsville Hooker outnumbered Lee & Jackson 2-to-1 North lost more men, but Southern losses were a higher % of their army One of the Southern casualties was “Stonewall” himself

A Supply of Shoes… A Southern brigade bumped into an advance northern unit near Gettysburg Battle line extended southward along Cemetery Ridge to Little Round Top and Big Round Top Lee had to attack along the “fishhook”

Vicksburg After two frontal assaults failed, Grant settled in for a long siege On the same day as Pickett’s charge, 7/3/1863, the Confederates asked for terms of surrender

South Begins to Crumble… Grant was at first routed by Lee in the Battle of the Wilderness on May 5, 1864, but refused to retreat Lincoln routed Democratic candidate George McClellan in the 1864 election

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Surrender at Appomattox - April 9th, 1865 – Lee surrendered to Grant at the Appomattox Court House