Lesson Starter What is fertilisation? Where in the female body does fertilisation take place? How does the baby get the nutrients it needs for growth? What precautions should expectant mothers take in order to minimise risks to their babies?

Learning Intention To learn about DNA

With a partner Write down 5 PHYSICAL differences between you and the person next to you

Little Differences

Variation Differences between individuals of same species = VARIATION Environmental differences -scars -hair cut/dye -tattoos Genetic differences -eye colour -tongue rolling -ear lobes

Genetic Differences Genetic differences- DNA Everyone’s DNA is different Blueprint/instructions for us https://www.twig-world.com/film/what-is-dna-1049/

DNA DNA stored in chromosomes Inside NUCLEUS 2 sets of chromosomes

Chromosomes Egg and sperm- 23 chromosomes each Fuse together to give full set (46 chromosomes) 2 sets of chromosomes Inherit characteristics from both parents Offspring resemble parents but not identical- VARIATION

Inheritance (copy) Characteristics such as hair colour, the ability to roll our tongue and shoe size are all things which we have INHERITED from our parents. We receive 23 chromosomes from each parent (we have 46 in total). DNA is a molecule which is stored in chromosomes; it provides the blueprint (instructions) which determine what we look like.

Genetic Traits: Task Draw round your hand and cut it out On each finger, write down one of your characteristics that you have inherited from your parents

Genetic Trait Bingo Using your hand print as your bingo card: listen out and mark off each genetic trait that is called. The winner is the person who has their traits called first

Lesson Starter Why do we resemble our parents? How many chromosomes do we have? Where in the cell are chromosomes stored? What is DNA?

To extract DNA from berries Learning Intention To extract DNA from berries

DNA All living things contain DNA Animals, Plants, Bacteria, Fungi Different numbers of chromosomes per species Humans= 46 Fruit fly= 8 Carrot 18 Horse= 64

Extracting DNA from fruit Extracting the DNA Making the extraction buffer Add the fruit to the ziplock bag and mash Add the extraction fluid and keep mashing Place bag in water bath @ 60°C for 15 minutes Filter “mush” into a beaker Pour ICE COLD ethanol down side of beaker Use paperclip to remove DNA strand Using a measuring cylinder, measure 100mls of water Add 2 g of salt and 5g of washing up liquid Stir (gently) till the salt dissolves

Analysing DNA Karyotype Amnioscentisis Size, shape, number of chromosomes Chromosome abnormalities eg downs syndrome, cystic fibrosis, prader-willi syndrome

Homework: research Research and pick one genetically inherited illness or syndrome Find out what causes the illness, what the symptoms are and what possible treatment there is (if any)

To learn about the structure of DNA Learning Intention To learn about the structure of DNA

DNA structure https://www.twig-world.com/film/what-is-dna-1049/ Double helix Ladder Rungs= bases Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine

Use the worksheet to create a model of DNA DNA structure Use the worksheet to create a model of DNA