Y. -F. Chai, J. Yang, J. Liu, H. -B. Song, J. -W. Yang, S. -L. Liu, W

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Epidural anaesthetic effect of the 8% emulsified isoflurane: a study in rabbits Y.-F. Chai, J. Yang, J. Liu, H.-B. Song, J.-W. Yang, S.-L. Liu, W.-S. Zhang, Q.-W. Wang British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 100, Issue 1, Pages 109-115 (January 2008) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aem298 Copyright © 2008 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Comparisons of the maximum level of sensory blockade (upper level and lower level of the blocked dermatomes) between the E-isoflurane group and the Lidocaine group. The drug administered is emulsified isoflurane 8%, 1 ml in the E-isoflurane group or lidocaine 1%, 1 ml in the Lidocaine group. Each testing site is rated as follows: hand, +3; chest, +2; epigastrium, +1; knee, −1; foot, −2. Level ‘0’ means that the sensory blockade level cannot be detected. Values are mean (sd) (n=10). There is no significant difference in either upper level or lower level between the two groups (P>0.05). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2008 100, 109-115DOI: (10.1093/bja/aem298) Copyright © 2008 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Comparisons of the maximum degree of motor blockade between the E-isoflurane group and the Lidocaine group. The drug administered is 8% emulsified isoflurane 1 ml in the E-isoflurane group or lidocaine 1%, 1 ml in the Lidocaine group. The motor blockade degree is evaluated as follows: 0, free movements of the animal using hind limbs needed without limitation or loss of balance; 1, limited or asymmetrical movements of the hind limbs needed to support the body and walk; 2, inability to support the back of the body on the hind limbs, despite existing ability to move the limbs and to respond to pain stimulus applied by needle; and 3, total paralysis of the hind limbs. Values are mean (sd) (n=10). There is no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2008 100, 109-115DOI: (10.1093/bja/aem298) Copyright © 2008 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Changes in MAP within the first hour after epidural injection of the drugs. The drug administered is 8% emulsified isoflurane 1 ml in the E-isoflurane group, lidocaine 1%, 1 ml in the Lidocaine group, Intralipid® 30%, 1 ml in the Intralipid group or normal saline 1 ml in the NS group. The time point ‘0’ represents the time point of the base line. Values are mean (sd) (n=10). *P<0.05 vs NS group (for E-isoflurane group), #P<0.05 vs NS group (for Lidocaine group). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2008 100, 109-115DOI: (10.1093/bja/aem298) Copyright © 2008 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions