COP procedure for Europe WLTP-24-12e_COP COP procedure for Europe by Iddo Riemersma (for EC) 24th meeting of WLTP IWG 18-20 September 2018, Tokyo, Japan

OVerview Highlights of COP in Europe, based on EU-WLTP 1st and 2nd act Proposed approach for the COP TF

General provisions (1) Manufacturer implements adequate arrangements and control plans and carry out emission and OBD tests at specific intervals to verify conformity of production Type approval authority verifies this, performs audits and conducts emission and OBD tests at specific intervals CoP is checked for: Pollutant emissions (based on Reg. EC 715/2007) CO2 emissions, Fuel Consumption, Electric Energy Consumption, and OBFCM (if applicable) Crankcase emissions Evaporative emissions OBD system operation

General provisions (2) COP family = interpolation family for Category M, and N1 (class I and II) For Category N1 Class III and N2 vehicles the COP family has specific criteria Frequency of verification: minimum of one per 5000 vehicles produced or once per year Type Approval Authority performs at least one audit per year, and verifies the COP methods by a physical test at least once per three years

Type 1 test Testing a valid member of COP family Emission values after corrections have been applied (CO2 calculated according to the interpolation method) Minimum sample of 3 vehicles More vehicles are added if no ‘pass’ or ‘fail’ decision is reached, up to a maximum of 16 (see next slide)

Test statistics (appendix 1) From the number of N tests: x1, x2, … xN , the average Xtests and the variance VAR are determined from all N measurements: Xtests = (x1 + x2 + x3 + … + xN)/N VAR = ((x1 -Xtests)2 + (x2 –Xtests)2 + … + (xN – Xtests)2)/(N-1) One of the following three decisions can be reached (N is 3 or higher): (i) Pass the family if Xtests < A * L – VAR/L (with L = limit value, and A = 1.05) (ii) Fail the family if Xtests > A * L – ((N-3)/13) * VAR/L (iii) Take another measurement if A × L – VAR/L ≤ Xtests ≤ A × L – ((N–3)/13) × VAR/L For CO2 and EC the normalised values are used, with factor A set at 1.01 and L at 1.0

Evolution coefficient Evolution coefficients EvC for pollutants and CO2 are established EvC = value at x km (up to 15.000 km) divided by values at 80 km Other vehicles in COP family shall not be run in, but values at zero km multiplied by EvC

COP for pev Electric energy consumption is verified for COP Only one applicable WLTC is driven DC energy from REESS is divided by driven distance Adjustment factor is applied to compensate the difference between the declared electric energy consumption and the measured test result for the COP (Appendix 2)

COP for ovc-hev Charge-Sustaining CO2 and CD energy consumption is verified for COP DC energy from REESS is divided by driven distance Adjustment factor is applied to compensate the difference between the declared charge sustaining electric CO2 and the measured test result for the COP (Appendix 2) Adjustment factor is applied to compensate the difference between the declared charge depleting electric energy consumption and the measured test result for the COP (Appendix 2)

Type 3 test (crankcase emissions) Type approval authority can check a random vehicle if the quality of production is unsatisfactory If this does not meet the criteria, a random sample of four vehicles is tested At least three vehicles should meet the requirements

Type 4 test (evaporative emissions) Type approval authority can check a random vehicle if the quality of production is unsatisfactory If this does not meet the criteria, a random sample of four vehicles is tested At least three vehicles should meet the requirements

Part Two – proposed approach for COP TF

proposed approach for cop tf Make an inventory of the main elements in COP procedures within Europe and Japan Make a comparative analysis; highlighting similarities and differences on scope, type of tests, criteria, evaluation statistics, run-in, evolution factors, etc. Feedback to the IWG on the outcome of the analysis and a proposal on how to proceed. Aim is to arrive at a harmonized COP procedure for level 2. Timing: finish the analysis before 78th GRPE in January 2019