NoRC suppresses recombination between telomeric repeats.

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NoRC suppresses recombination between telomeric repeats. NoRC suppresses recombination between telomeric repeats. (A) Left: quantification of telomeric Q‐FISH in U2OS cells transfected with control siRNA (ctrl) or siRNA against TIP5 (siTIP5). Telomeric signals in a representative experiment (N=3) were quantified and compared by unpaired t‐test (P‐value ***<0.001, n=240). Red bars indicate mean values. Middle: U2OS cells transfected with control siRNA or siTIP5 were immunostained for 53BP1 protein (green) followed by Q‐FISH with a telomere‐specific PNA probe (red). Scale bar, 5 μm. Right: quantification of telomeres colocalizing with 53BP1 in a representative experiment (N=5, unpaired t‐test, P‐value ***<0.001, n=42). (B) Enhanced association of telomeres with PML bodies in TIP5‐deficient U2OS cells. Left: U2OS cells transfected with control siRNA or siTIP5 were immunostained for PML protein (green) followed by Q‐FISH with a telomere‐specific PNA probe (red). Middle: reconstructed three‐dimensional image of the same nucleus from TIP5‐depleted cells. Right: colocalization of PML bodies and telomeres was measured in control and siTIP5‐treated cells in a representative experiment (N=4) and compared by Mann–Whitney test (P‐value ***<0.001, n=77). Red bars indicate medians. Scale bars, 5 μm. (C) T‐SCE is increased in TIP5‐depleted U2OS cells. Left: images of metaphase spreads from control (ctrl) and TIP5‐deficient cells (siTIP5). A scheme illustrating the CO‐FISH is shown above. Middle: chromosome images from control and siTIP5‐depleted cells. The leading telomeric strand is labelled in green, the lagging strand in red; yellow signals indicate recombination between telomeres. Right: quantification of T‐SCE events in control and siTIP5‐treated cells in a representative experiment (N=3, unpaired t‐test, P‐value ***<0.001, n=68). Red bars indicate medians. Scale bar, 5 μm. CO‐FISH, chromosome orientation fluorescence in situ hybridization; NoRC, nucleolar remodelling complex; PML, promyelocytic leukaemia body; Q‐FISH, quantitative FISH; siRNA, short interfering RNA; T‐SCE, telomeric sister chromatid exchange. Anna Postepska‐Igielska et al. EMBO Rep. 2013;14:704-710 © as stated in the article, figure or figure legend