Cells: Eukaryotes Biology Standard 1 a,c,e,g.

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Cells: Eukaryotes Biology Standard 1 a,c,e,g

Eukaryotes Have a true nucleus Have organelles (little organs) that are bound by a membrane Includes plants, animals, fungi

Compare to Prokaryotes Eukaryotic Cell Under Microscope Have Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, DNA, and Cytosol But DNA is housed in a nucleus

Structure of Nucleus Surrounded by a nuclear envelope which has little holes called nuclear pores Nucleolus: clump of nucleic acids and proteins in nucleus

Cell Membrane A barrier that separates cell from outer world. Composed of 2 layers of lipids (fats) called lipid bilayer. Head is hydrophilic- H2O loving; draws H2O into cell. Tail is hydrophobic-H2O hating; stays inside layer.

Lysosomes: Clean Up! Lysosomes: small organelles that contain enzymes that break down macromolecules Only in animal cells

Mitochondria: Powerhouse! In animals and plants It has 2 membranes: one outer and one inner with many folds on it. Mitochondria make ATP (energy) for cell. Heart cells have MANY!

Chloroplasts Found only in plant and algae cells. Take sunlight and turn it into energy for plants. Photosynthesis.

Vacuoles Storage sacs that contain water, salts, proteins and carbs. In plants, 1 large sac that supports In animal cells, usually smaller.

Cell Wall Protective barrier around cell membrane. Not in Animal cells!! In plants, made up of a carb called cellulose.

Proteins are modified, stored and shipped here. Golgi Apparatus Proteins are modified, stored and shipped here.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER: makes fats, metabolizes carbs, and detoxifies drugs Rough ER: has ribosomes on it to help make proteins