Broken Promises of the New South

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Presentation transcript:

Broken Promises of the New South Thinking Skill: Explicitly assess efforts to maintain African American subservience and efforts to overcome prejudice and discrimination

Civil War “That on the 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.”- Emancipation Proclamation

4 million freedmen Freedman’s Bureaus Unwritten “Black Codes” Reconstruction 4 million freedmen Freedman’s Bureaus Unwritten “Black Codes” "For we colored people did not know how to be free and the white people did not know how to have a free colored person about them." -Houston Hartsfield Holloway

The “Rights Gained” 13th Amendment – (1865) Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

The “Rights” Gained 14th Amendment – (1868) All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States . . . nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

The “Rights” Gained 15th Amendment – (1870) The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Black Political Successes??? Rewrote Southern state constitutions to replace the Black Codes Won a majority of seats in the lower house in South Carolina Senators- Hiram R. Revels, Blanche K. Bruce (MS) Representatives- Joseph H. Rainey (SC) and Jefferson Long (GA) However, most of the chief legislative and executive positions were held by whites

Southern whites feared black enfranchisement (the right to vote) WHY?

“The Great Betrayal of 1877” Compromise of 1877 or … Samuel Tilden (D) vs Rutherford Hayes (R) “The Great Betrayal of 1877”

Discrimination & Institutionalized Racism Utilized to maintain white economic, political, social advantages Economic – Sharecroppers, Tenant farming, crop liens Social – Intimidation, segregation, Ku Klux Klan, violent beatings, lynchings Political – (voting restrictions) poll taxes, literacy tests, property requirements, Grandfather Clause

Jim Crow Laws Legalized segregation Street cars, trains, churches, theaters, restaurants, schools, cemeteries Upheld by Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) Justified separate facilities for blacks and whites so long as they were “equal”

Differing Responses Booker T. Washington – Argued for gradual approach to racial equality WHAT WAS HIS STRATEGY? W.E.B. DuBois – Argued for I immediate, urgent changes