States of Matter and describing them

What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass (made of atoms) and takes up space (volume).

Describing matter Property : a characteristic or description Knowing properties of an object can help you determine the object’s identity Two types of properties: Physical properties Chemical properties

Physical property A property of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter Examples: Color Thermal conductivity State of matter Malleability Ductility Solubility density Mass

Chemical properties A property of matter that describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties Examples: (reactivity means when two substances get together, something can happen) Flammability Reactivity with oxygen (rust) Reactivity with acid Reactivity with water

What are states of matter? The ones that occur on Earth often are solid, liquid, and gas. Plasma is also another state of matter that doesn’t occur very often on Earth

Particles in matter The particles in all matter are moving random motion They move in different directions and different speeds Depending on the state of matter, particles are arranged and move differently

Solids The motion of particles are always moving. However, the particles in a solid are so close together that the attractive forces between them are strong The particles in a solid stay in nearly the same position, vibrating back and forth in all directions Solids have definite shape and definite volume

Liquids Attractive forces between particles in a liquid are weaker than in a solid Particles can move past each other, allowing liquids to flow and change shape Forces are strong enough to keep the particles close, which causes the volume of a liquid to remain the same Liquids have no definite shape, but have a definite volume

Gas Particles in a gas are much farther apart than the particles in a solid or liquid. The forces between the particles are weak, they cannot be held together and move freely past each other Gases have no fixed shape or volume because they can expand to fill their container.

Plasma Electrically charged particles like ions and electrons Found in the visible universe in stars, such as the Sun, solar wind, auroras Usually occurs at high temperatures Can also be found in lightning and fluorescent lights

Bose-Einstein Condensate Atoms at very low temperatures that slow down so much they lose their individual identity They form a cloud that behaves like a single quantum entity