Move towards LTE Networks in Public Safety Communication Team Tiger: Arora, Ashfaq, Avbuluimen, Kachhwaha

Agenda Limitations with current systems (Abhinav) LTE Introduction (Ozed) Public Safety LTE Architecture (Syed) Benefits, Application & Limitations of LTE (Manu) Conclusion

Limitations with current systems

Functional Limitations Centralize control during natural or human created hazard Interoperability Situational Awareness Speed and precision of decision making process Operating Cost

Technical Limitations Speed Bandwidth Throughput LMT Architecture Quality of services

LTE Introduction

Evolution of Cellular Network 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 4G

What is LTE? LTE (Long Term Evolution) project by 3GPP (3 Generation Partnership Project) in collaboration between various communication companies. Evolved from AMPS -> GSM -> UMTS -> LTE Bandwidth evolution from 20 kHz -> 200 kHz -> 5 MHz -> 20 MHz Main concepts Frequency of operation - Lower than other technologies OFDMA – Improves spectral efficiency (ie., 30 users can get signals that are all different, so no interference with each other.) MIMO – boost signal performance IP based – flat architecture helps reduce complexity of base stations

Comparison of Wireless Technologies   LTE WiMAX 802.16e Technology MIMO Downlink: OFDMA Uplink: SC-FDMA Uplink: OFDMA Peak Speeds Downlink: 100Mbps (20MHz, 2x2 MIMO) Uplink: 50Mbps (20MHz, 1x2) Downlink: 46Mbps Uplink: 7Mbps Duplexing FDD and TDD TDD Subcarrier mapping Localized Localized and distributed Subcarrier hopping Yes Data modulation QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM Average user throughput 5 Mbps-12Mbps (downlink) 2 Mbps-5Mbps (uplink) 2Mbps-4 Mbps (downlink) 500Kbps-1.5 Mbps (uplink) One-way airlink latency 15ms 50ms Bandwidth 20MHz, 15MHz, 10MHz, 5MHz, 3MHz, and 1.5MHz 3.5MHz, 5MHz, 7MHz, 8.75 MHz, 10 MHz Spectrum LTE can be deployed using various frequencies. In the US, a number of carriers use 700MHz which helps increase in-building coverage for wireless signal’s; 2.3,2.5.3.5, 5.8 GHz Mobility Targeted Mobility up to 350kmph Targeted mobility up to 120kmph

LTE Worldwide Coverage

Public Safety LTE Architecture

Network Architecture Evolution High Level Overview. Not all functional elements and interfaces are shown

LTE functional comparison to Wimax or 3G 3G based on RAN and CN RAN (Radio Access Network) aka base station (NodeB) controlled by Radio Network Controller (RNC) CN (Core Network) packet data subsystem is connected to internet, and circuit switch subsystem is connected to telephony networks like PSTN (Public switch telephone networks). Functional changes compared to the current UMTS architecture The main principles and objectives of the LTE-SAE architecture include : A common anchor point and gateway (GW) node for all access technologies IP-based protocols on all interfaces; Simplified network architecture All IP network All services are via Packet Switched domain Support mobility between heterogeneous RATs, including legacy systems as GPRS, but also non-3GPP systems (say WiMAX)

High Level PS LTE Solution Overview

eMBMS Introduced for WCDMA (UMTS) in Release 6 Supports multicast/broadcast services in a cellular system Same content is transmitted to multiple users located in a specific area (MBMS service area) in a unidirectional fashion MBMS extends existing 3GPP architecture by introducing: MBMS Bearer Service delivers IP multicast datagrams to multiple receivers using minimum radio and network resources and provides an efficient and scalable means to distribute multimedia content to mobile phones MBMS User Services streaming services - a continuous data flow of audio and/or video is delivered to the user’s handset download services - data for the file is delivered in a scheduled transmission timeslot

eMBMS Multimedia service can be provided by either: single-cell broadcast or multicellular mode (aka MBMS Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) In an MBSFN area, all eNBs are synchronized to perform simulcast transmission from multiple cells (each cell transmitting identical waveform) If user is close to a base station, delay of arrival between two cells could be quite large, so the subcarrier spacing is reduced to 7.5 KHz and longer CP is used Main advantages over technologies such as DVB-H or DMB: no additional infrastructure operator uses resources that are already purchased user interaction is possible

eMBMS MCE coordinates the synchronous multi-cell transmission The MCE can physically be part of the eNB ! flat architecture

Benefits, Application & Limitations of LTE

Benefits of LTE in Public Safety Unified Communications Infrastructure Ecosystem of Devices Interoperability Situational Awareness Video Digital Imaging Large Data Files GIS Automatic Vehicle Location Computer-Aided Dispatching Access to Report Management Systems Telemetry/Remote Diagnostics Bulk File Transfer Decreased narrowband channel load Enhanced day-to-day operations Improved incident operations

Public Safety Application License Plate Reader Fingerprint Identification Facial Recognition, Scars, Marks, and Tattoos Local, State, Federal Data Child Abduction Leads Tracking Multi-vital sign patient data transmission

Key Players offering LTE for Public Safety AT&T and Harris Corporation CHICAGO, October 24, 2011 — AT&T and Harris Corporation (NYSE:HRS) are forming an alliance to develop and deliver next generation LTE wireless solutions for agencies and first responders whose lifesaving efforts depend on timely access to critical information. Alcatel-Lucent & EADS The joint solution from Alcatel-Lucent and EADS will provide a standards-based holistic communications infrastructure, along with the devices and applications necessary to deliver interoperable broadband and narrowband mission critical communications.

Public Safety LTE Limitations No standard No direct mode Low power results in less coverage Lack of devices Challenge for LTE to provide coverage where LMR does Exposure to security infiltrations

Conclusion Today’s public safety networks need to provide interoperability across multiple locations and disciplines, along with secure, reliable support for mission-critical services. In addition, they must have the capacity to support emerging public safety applications, such as video, digital imaging, remote database access and messaging. These capabilities can accelerate response times when emergencies occur, improve situational awareness and play a vital role in planning and decision making. Technology does not need to be invented, only tailored to meet the needs of public safety.

Thank you!! Questions??