Xuefei Liu, Xinglei Zhu, Aiying Wang, Hui Fan, Haitao Yuan

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Effects of angiotensin-II receptor blockers on experimental autoimmune myocarditis Xuefei Liu, Xinglei Zhu, Aiying Wang, Hui Fan, Haitao Yuan International Journal of Cardiology Volume 137, Issue 3, Pages 282-288 (November 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.09.540 Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Representative M-mode echocardiograms of rats from untreated group and high-dose valsartan-treated group. N represents group N; H represents group H. High-dose valsartan treatment significantly prevented the progression of left ventricular remodeling and heart failure. International Journal of Cardiology 2009 137, 282-288DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.09.540) Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Representative pathological images of hematoxylin–eosin staining of hearts (×200), A–D represent group C, group N, group L and group H separately. The infiltration of inflammatory cells was reduced significantly by valsartan treatment. International Journal of Cardiology 2009 137, 282-288DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.09.540) Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Representative pathological images of Masson's trichrome staining of hearts (×200), A–D represent group C, group N, group L and group H separately. The myocardial fibrosis was reduced by valsartan treatment. International Journal of Cardiology 2009 137, 282-288DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.09.540) Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Results of T lymphocyte proliferation assay of rats from the four groups. Valsartan suppressed lymphocyte proliferation in response to myosin stimulation significantly. *P<0.05 vs. group N; #P<0.05 vs. group L. International Journal of Cardiology 2009 137, 282-288DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.09.540) Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Levels of cytokines of Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) evaluated by ELISA. Th1 cytokines were significantly down-regulated, while Th2 cytokines were detected to undergo up-regulation by valsartan administration. *P<0.05 vs. group N; #P<0.05 vs. group L. International Journal of Cardiology 2009 137, 282-288DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.09.540) Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions