Optimising Biopesticides in Propagation Ant Surrage

Biopesticide “One size does not fit all” Technical Knowledge IPM Programming, Pest & Disease Biology, MoA Application Equipment, mixing, calibration Environment optimisation Temperature, Humidity, VWC

Issues in Propagation Soft Growth Resistance Biopesticides tend to be less harsh on soft growth Resistance Biopesticides tend to have multiple modes of action making them less likely to face resistance issues Environmental & Biopesticides optimisation The propagation environment tends to be conducive for optimum efficacy New technology offers improved means to optimise biopesticides

Prestop - Gliocladium catenulatum Action against Pythium Rhizoctonia Fusarium Botrytis spp Acts as a hyperparasite producing enzymes which cause the breakdown of the cell walls of pathogens Deprives pathogenic fungi of living space via competition at both the roots and aerial parts of the plant Gliocladium Catenulatum (J1446) Naturally occuring Highly aggressive, soil-borne fungus Survives on the rhizosphere and on aerial parts of plants for several weeks (Icl-sf.com. (2019). Prestop - General Crops Prestop - General Crops ICL. [online] Available at: https://icl-sf.com/uk-en/products/specialty_agriculture/prestop-general-crops/) Ref label restriction, wouldnt drench due to inhibition of roots

Prestop - Gliocladium catenulatum Incorporated Drench Application Dip Application Spray Applications Application

Serenade ASO - Bacillus Subtilis Primarily for the control of Botrytis cinerea. However has a broad spectrum of activity. Contact acting Actively colonises roots Systemic resistance to disease Mutual relationship with root Enhanced root structure Improved nutrient mobilisation and uptake (CropScience, B. (2018). Serenade ASO. [online] Bayer Crop Science UK. Available at: https://cropscience.bayer.co.uk/our-products/fungicides/serenade-aso/) For foliar use, the lipopeptides disrupt the cell membrane of the pathogen, resulting in physical breakdown. Soil application, actively colonises roots, forming a protective physical barrier against soil disease such as Pythium spp. Systemic resistance to diseases, priming plants to defend themselves against pathogens, activating the salicylic acid and gibberellic acid pathways. Mutual relation with the plant in the root zone. Enhanced root structure. Improved nutrient mobilisation and uptake

T34/Trianum- Trichoderma Activity against Fusarium oxysporum Pythium Phytophthora Rhizoctonia Sclerotinia Multiple MoAs - - Direct competition for space and nutrients - Synthesis of biostatic compounds - Hyperparasitism - Inducing plant disease resistance mechanisms Environmental

T34 - Effective temperature range - 15oC - 35oC Effective at “normal” VWC Optimum - 25oC - 30oC Preventative Trianum AQ10

Naturalis-L - Beauveria Bassiana Pests controlled - Aphid Whitefly Thrips Spidermite

Naturalis-L - Beauveria Bassiana Application

Mist system - will work as effectively as a conventional until wash Closed poly - bio pest Mist system - will work as effectively as a conventional until wash Prop relevnace to seed, compost incorp. (Malais, M., Ravensberg, W. and Pearson, M. (2003). Knowing and recognizing. Berkel en Rodenrijs: Koppert.)

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