Volume 67, Issue 3, Pages 454-461 (September 2017) Contribution of alcohol use disorders on the burden of chronic hepatitis C in France, 2008–2013: A nationwide retrospective cohort study  Michaël Schwarzinger, Sylvain Baillot, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Jürgen Rehm, Vincent Mallet  Journal of Hepatology  Volume 67, Issue 3, Pages 454-461 (September 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.031 Copyright © 2017 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Journal of Hepatology 2017 67, 454-461DOI: (10. 1016/j. jhep. 2017. 03 Copyright © 2017 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Prevalence of alcohol use disorders in French patients aged 18–65 in 2008 and discharged with chronic HCV infection, by gender (N=97,347). (This figure appears in colour on the web.) Journal of Hepatology 2017 67, 454-461DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.031) Copyright © 2017 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Risk for liver transplantation or premature liver death by alcohol use disorders and age in 2008 in French patients discharged with chronic HCV infection in 2008–2013 (N=97,347). Odds ratios (OR) for liver transplantation or premature liver death were estimated in multivariate logistic regression with use of the interaction terms of AUDs categories with a three-order polynomial function of age in 2008 and further adjustment on all cofactors of liver disease progression other than AUDs, other comorbidities than HCV, gender, year at first discharge with HCV in six categories (2008 to 2013), and residency area in five main French regions (North-West, North-East, Greater Paris area, South-West, South-East). The reference case is a patient without any record of AUDs (OR=1 at all ages in 2008). (This figure appears in colour on the web.) Journal of Hepatology 2017 67, 454-461DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.031) Copyright © 2017 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Population attributable risks of liver-related complications, including decompensated cirrhosis or primary liver cancer, liver transplantations, and premature liver deaths in French patients aged 18–65 in 2008 and discharged with chronic HCV infection in 2008–2013 (N=97,347). Population attributable risks (PAR) denote the fraction of liver-related complications, liver transplantations, and premature liver deaths that would have been prevented in 2008–2013 if each cofactor of liver disease progression was absent in young and middle-aged French adults discharged with chronic HCV infection. Vertical bars indicated 95% confidence intervals. Journal of Hepatology 2017 67, 454-461DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.031) Copyright © 2017 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Quarterly incidence of liver transplantations, premature liver deaths, and premature non-liver deaths in French patients aged 18–65 in 2008 and discharged with chronic HCV infection. The number of new cases was recorded by quarter for (A) liver transplantation, (B) liver death after a liver-related complication (without liver transplantation), and (C) non-liver death (without liver-related complication). To calculate time trends, we excluded data of the first semester of 2008 (i.e. hospital records are left-censored at January 1, 2008: the identification of chronic HCV infection and alcohol use disorders is lower in patients at the final stage of liver disease progression at cohort inception) and the last semester of 2013 (i.e. hospital records are right-censored at December 31, 2013: patients hospitalized in 2013 and discharged in 2014 cannot be identified), and estimated the slope coefficient in linear regressions on quarterly incidence data. ap<0.001; bp<0.01. Journal of Hepatology 2017 67, 454-461DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.031) Copyright © 2017 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions