CP violation and CKM (Theory) Yasuhiro Okada (KEK) July 31, 2006 ICHEP 06, Moscow July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

CP violation and quark flavor mixing CP violation was discovered in KL decays in 1964, much before the Standard Model was proposed. This was a big mystery. Since then, there have been a great deal of progress in the elementary particle physics, which leads us to gauge interactions and three generations of quarks and leptons. Then, Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism, proposed in 1972, has become a prime candidate for the theory of the CP violation. July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

In 2001, a large CP violation in the B sector was found at two B factories at KEK and SLAC. New discoveries in B decays have followed, such as a direct CP violation, b -> sll, and b->dg. LHC will start running next year to explore TeV scale physics. Focus of flavor physics is also shifting to search for New Physics effects. There are a variety of ways to explore New Physics in K, Bd/Bu, Bs, D physics. Important information has been already obtained. July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Plan of this talk Unitarity triangle and New Physics B rare decays and B-> tn Bs mixing and Bs ->mm Future of flavor physics New experimental results will be covered by other plenary speakers. July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix The CKM matrix is a sole origin of flavor mixing and CP violation in the quark flavor transition processes in the Standard Model. Four parameters: l A r h July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Vus and CKM unitarity in the first row Nuclear b decay B decay K decay Significant improvements in Kaon semi-leptonic decays has been made at BNL, KTeV,CERN-NA48, KLOE, and ISTRA+ in recent years. (talks in session 8) The CKM unitarity is now satisfied with ~1 s. A proposal of Vus from t decay (J.Prades) Vud from neutron life-time and A-asymmetry (A.Serebrov). M.Antonelli July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Unitarity triangle Various observable quantities in K and B physics constrain the angles and lengths of the unitarity triangle. (a) (b) (g) B(K+ -> p+nn) B(K0->p0nn) eK DmBd, DmBs/DmBd, B(B->r(w) g)/B(B->K* g) b->u transition Angle determination f1/b: CP asymmetries in b->ccs modes. f2/a: CP asymmetries in B-> pp, rr,rp. f3/g : CP asymmetries in B->DK, etc. (2f1+g)/(2b+g): CP asymmetry in B->Dp, etc July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

The unitarity triangle: a year ago Already many observable quantities are over-constraining the unitarity triangle. July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Is this enough? Fit from tree level processes Not, to study New Physics effects. In order to disentangle new physics effects, we should first determine CKM parameters by “tree-level” processes. Pre-ICHEP 06 |Vub|, f3/g Bd mixing and CP asymmetries eK and B(K->pnn) Bs mixing and CP asymmetries + We know (or constrain) which sector is affected by new physics. Improvement of f3/g is essential. July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

CP asymmetry in penguin-dominated processes Summer 2005 Time-dependent CP asymmetry (Dominant decay diagrams) B->J/yKs “tree” B->fKs “penguin” New phase (ex SUSY) Summer 2006 update => M.Hazumi’s talk “sin 2f1“ is the same in the SM July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Recent theoretical calculations on DS= sin(2f1eff)-sin(2f1) There are efforts to calculate difference of CP asymmetries between penguin-dominated modes and tree-dominated mode in different methods (QCD factorization, Final-state interaction, Soft Collinear Effective Theory). Differences are estimated so far within a few % for B to fKs and h’Ks modes in the Standard Model. QCDF+FSI Cheng-Chua-Soni QCDF Beneke QCDF Buchalla-Hiller-Nir-Raz SCET Williamson-Zupan DS(fKs) DS(h’Ks) DS(p0Ks) July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Rare B decays There are many rare decay processes sensitive to new physics effects. Electroweak penguin processes offer several theoretical clean observables. Inclusive and exclusive b->sg Inclusive and exclusive b->dg Inclusive and exclusive b->sll 1. Direct CP violation in b->sg,dg (New phase) 2. Mixing-induced CP asymmetry in B->K*g, Ksp0g. (Right-handed photon operator) 3. Lepton forward-backward asymmetry in b ->sll. July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Many recent theoretical developments are reported. Status of NNLLQCD correction to b->sg, b->sll. (T.Hurth) Inclusive b->uln, b->sg,B->VV in SCET. (T.Feldmann) B->pp,Kp in SCET.(S.Jaeger) Correction to mixing-induced CP violation in B->K*g, Ksp0g. Naively the asymmetry is suppressed by ms/mb (a few %), but there are corrections at 10 % level in the SM. (B.Grinstein and D.Pirjol) Forward Backward Asymmetry in B->K*l+l- QCDF calculation (M.Beneke,T.Feldmann,and D.Seidel) SCET calculation (A.Ali,G.Kramer and G.Zhu) B K* l+ l- q A.Ali,G.Kramer and G.Zhu July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Tauonic B decay The Belle result of the B ->tn branching ratio. (Preliminary) => R.Barlow’s talk This is sensitive to the charged Higgs boson exchange diagram in 2 Higgs doublet model as well as SUSY models. New contributions are important for the large tanb case b u t n W H- b u t n Charged Higgs exchange contribution depends on July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

B(b->tn) vs. B(b->ctn) and B(B->Dtn) Related modes are inclusive and exclusive processes on b->ctn . Inclusive B(b->ctn) was measured at LEP B(b->ctn)/B(b->cen) Constraint on “r” in 2HDM. Belle ICHEP06 B(B->Dtn)/B(B->Dmn) LEP Y.Grossman, H.Haber and Y.Nir 1995 Two-fold ambiguity is not resolved by the Inclusive mode. Exclusive modes are necessary. H.Itoh,N.Gaur, Y.O July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Comparison with the charged Higgs boson production at LHC K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea Belle B->tn: excluded region (95.5%CL) The parameter region covered by B decays and the charged Higgs production overlaps. If both experiments find positive effects, we can perform Universality Test of the charged Higgs couplings. B->tn: H-b-u coupling B->Dtn : H-b-c coupling gb->tH: H-b-t coupling H b t g SUSY loop vertex correction can break the universality. K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Bs physics This is a year of the Bs mixing. Bs is quite different from Bd Large mass difference: (Dms/Dmd~40) Sizable life-time difference: DGs/Gs ~0(10%) Almost no CP phase in the Bs mixing amplitude in the SM. If new physics effects induce a CP phase in the Bs mixing amplitude: ASL Large time-dep CP asymmetry in B->J/yf (Syf) DG<DG(SM) Correlation between semi-leptonic asymmetry (ASL) and Syf. Y.Grossman,Y.Nir,and G.Raz Syf Z.Ligeti,M.Papucci, and G.Perez July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Bs mixing and New Physics: SUSY Supersymmetry introduces squarks and sleptons. Squark mass matrixes can carry information on SUSY breaking mechanism and GUT scale interactions. Quark flavor changing neutral current processes are sensitive to the off-diagonal elements of the squark mass matrix. July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

SUSY GUT and Bs mixing SUSY GUT + Seesaw neutrino B(t->mg) vs. Dms/Dmd in SUSY GUT SM T.Goto,Y.O.Y.Shimizu,Y.Shindou,and M.Tanaka,2003 B.Dutta and Y.Mimura, hep-ph/0607147 July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Bs mixing and New Physics: Little Higgs model ~10 TeV, new strong dynamics ~ 1TeV WH, ZH, fij, uH,dH AH T+,T- ~200 GeV A Higgs boson and SM particles Particle content of the littlest Higgs model with T parity. Little Higgs model : a model with a composite Higgs boson. New particles (heavy gauge bosons, a heavy top partner) are introduced to cancel the quadratic divergence of the Higgs mass at one loop level. The mass of these particles are around 1 TeV if the model is extended with “T parity”. The lightest T-odd particle is a dark matter candidate. N.Arkani-Hamed,A.G.Cohen, E.Katz,and A.E.Nelson,2002 C.H.Cheng and I.Low,2003 July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Flavor signals of T-odd fermions T-odd SU(2) doublet mirror fermions J.Hubisz,S.J.Lee, and G.Paz d u W VCKM Three flavor mixing matrixes Two are independent. u qH WH,ZH,AH VHu A new flavor mixing matrix can generate various patterns of deviation from the SM. d qH WH,ZH,AH VHd M.Blanke,A.J.Buras,A.Poschenrieder,C.Tarantino,S.Uhlig,and A.Weiler July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Bs->mm and SUSY s b m SUSY loop corrections can enhance B(Bs->mm) by a few orders of magnitude from the SM prediction for large values of tan b. Loop-induced neutral Higgs exchange effects The discovery region of a neutral Higgs boson through pp->bf0->bmm at LHC and the discovery region of Bs->mm at Tevatron and LHC overlap. July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06 C.Kao and Y.Wang

Future of Kaon phyiscs K0L  p0 n n KEK E391=> JPARC K+  p+ n n A.Ceccuci K0L  p0 n n 　KEK E391=> JPARC JPARC-P14 K+  p+ n n CERN-SPSC-P-326 (a.k.a. NA48/3) JPARC-P09 Transverse m polarisation in K+  p0 m+ n (T-Violation ) JPARC-P06 Other Initiatives: DANAE (Frascati) OKA (Protvino) K0->p0nn M.Doroshenko New limit 2.1X10-7 (KEK E391) based on 1/10 of Run I data 65 signal, 9±3Bgds/year July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

B physics at LHC Much improvements are expected for Bs physics and B->K*mm measurements, etc. ATLAS T.Sivoklokov LHCb 2fb-1 T.Ruf CMS U.Langenegger July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Super B factory 5X L(now) 50X L(now) Current Belle+BaBar integrated luminosity: L(now)~1/ab 5/ab 50/ab In many aspects asymmetric B factories are complementary to B physics in hadron machine (unique for neutrino and tau modes) Super KEK LoI July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Pattern of New Physics effects SUSY Large Extra Dimension model Different pattern of the deviations from the SM prediction. Correlation with other physics observables. 2003 SLAC WS Proceedings July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

Summary B factory experiments continue to produce interesting results. Measurement of the Bs mixing have added a new dimension to flavor physics. All these developments are important to explore physics beyond the Standard Model from the aspects of quark flavor physics in the LHC era. July 31,2006 Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06