CELL PARTS

ORGANELLES NUCLEUS – large dense area near the center of the cell that controls all the cells functions and carries hereditary information “Brain of the Cell” nucleus

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE Surrounds nucleus and keeps DNA inside while allowing RNA to escape to the ribosomes Nucleus Nuclear Membrane

NUCLEOLUS Dense center of nucleus. Produces Ribosomes. Nucleolus

CHROMATIN Strands of DNA or RNA found outside the nucleolus Nucleolus

DNA Double stranded nucleic acid --contains blueprints for protein making. “Heredity information”

RNA Single stranded nucleic acid. Contains messages from the DNA to make proteins

CENTRIOLES See picture in packet Specialized microtubules that help the nucleus in dividing- lines up chromosomes

ORGANELLES PLASMA (CELL) MEMBRANE- thin membrane that separates the cell from its environment “gate keeper of the cell”

MICROVILLI see picture in your packet Extensions of the cell membrane that allow for greater absorption by the cell due to the increases surface area (small intestines)

ORGANELLES CILIA- small hairlike structure made of microtubules that aide in filtering (lining the trachea “windpipe” )

ORGANELLES FLAGELLA- long whip like tail filled with microtubules that are used for motility. (only found on sperm of male) flagella

ORGANELLES CYTOPLASM- liquid portion of the cell (up to 80% water) location of many chemical reactions

CELL DIVERSITY INTERNAL ORGANIZATION-cells contain a variety of structures called ORGANELLES ORGANELLES- “little organ”- performs specific functions for the cell

ORGANELLES MITOCHONDRIA- double membraned cell with CRISTAE (waves)-produces energy for the cell (ATP) (muscles) mitochondria

ORGANELLES RIBOSOME- tiny dots found on the Rough ER (or floating around) that synthesize protein ribosome

ORGANELLES ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM- sets of tubules located near nucleus with ribosomes- synthesizes proteins Rough ER

ORGANELLES SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM- sets of tubules located near the rough ER that are without ribosomes- synthesizes fats, breaks down toxins Smooth ER

ORGANELLES GOLGI APPARATUS- (UPS of the cell) flattened stacks of membranes that receive, package, and transport materials throughout the cell (endocrine glands, stomach, mucus producing glands) Golgi Apparatus

ORGANELLES LYSOSOME- (garbage disposal of the cell) vesicles filled with digestive enzymes. Breaks down dead cell parts, bacteria invaders, food. (white blood cells, liver) lysosome

ORGANELLES PEROXISOMES- vesicles filled with enzymes used to detoxify the cell (liver, spleen)

ORGANELLES CYTOSKELETON- network of long proteins that give the cell structure and move items around in the cell cytoskeleton

INCLUSIONS Any foreign body found in the cell. Typically dead cell parts or remnants of invaders

CELLULAR PROCESSES All cells must complete the following processes 1. Reproduce 2. Grow and mature 3. Take in energy 4. Rid of waste 5. Exchange gases 6. Maintain Homeostasis

VARIOUS CELL SHAPES Flat (lung and skin) Cube shaped (kidneys) Column shaped- (intestines) Thread-like- (nerves) Oval- (red blood cells) Constantly changing shape- blob- (white blood cells)