Mood

Mood A grammatical feature of verbs, used for signalling modality, which allows speakers to express their attitude toward what they are saying, e.g., a statement of fact, of desire, of command, etc. Modality covers expressions of how something might be and should be, and also those of necessity, permissibility and probability, including negations of these.

Types of Moods Subjunctive: discusses imaginary or hypothetical events and situations, expressing opinions, or making requests. Conditional: speaks of events whose realization is dependent upon another condition. Imperative: used for direct commands, prohibitions and requests. Contrafactual: speaks of what has not happened or those removed from the course of events. Optative: expresses hope or wish.

Mood in Indo-Aryan Most Indo-Aryan languages have the following moods: Imperative: kam karo! ‘do the work!’ 2nd per. sg. kam karen! ‘do the work!’ 2nd per. pl. Subjunctive: vo kam kare ‘he may do the work’ vo kam karen ‘they may do the work’ Presumptive: vo kam karta hoga ‘he would do the work’ vo kam karte honge ‘they would do the work’ Contrafactive: vo kam karta ‘had he done the work’ vo kam karte ‘had they done the work’