Divergent roles of superoxide and nitric oxide in reduced-size liver ischemia and reperfusion injury: Implications for partial liver transplantation  Hidejiro Urakami, Matthew B. Grisham  Pathophysiology  Volume 13, Issue 3, Pages 183-193 (August 2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.05.008 Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Recipient survival rates following partial or whole liver transplantation and different durations of cold preservation. (A) 30% liver group. (B) 40% liver group. (C) 50% liver group. (D) 100% liver group. When 30% grafts were maintained for 4 and 6h in cold UW solution, survival rates decreased to 54 and 27%, respectively, whereas 2h of preservation resulted in 100% survival (p<0.05 for 30% graft with 4 and 6h storage groups vs. all other groups; generalized Wilcoxon's test). Rats receiving 40, 50 and 100% isografts all survived indefinitely regardless of the duration of preservation. Pathophysiology 2006 13, 183-193DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.05.008) Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels at 24h following liver transplantation. Serum ALT levels were significantly increased in the smaller graft groups (*p<0.01 vs. others, #p<0.01% vs. 100% graft, ¶p<0.05% vs. 50% graft, ʃp<0.05% vs. 100% graft). Pathophysiology 2006 13, 183-193DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.05.008) Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Serum total bilirubin at 24h following partial or whole liver transplantation and different durations of cold preservation (#p<0.01% vs. 100% graft, ¶p<0.05% vs. 50% graft, ʃp<0.05% vs. 100% graft). Pathophysiology 2006 13, 183-193DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.05.008) Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Histopathology at 24h following partial or whole liver transplantation and 6h of cold preservation. Representative liver samples were obtained at 24h following surgery. (A) 30% liver graft. Note the vacuolar changes (black arrows) and cytoplasmic blanching (white arrowheads). Moderate periportal inflammation is evident in this group of rats (inset). Little or no evidence of overt necrosis, apoptosis and/or inflammation was observed in the 40% (B), 50% (C) or 100% (D) recipients. Representative 5-μm sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin are shown at 100× magnification. Insets show the portal region at 200× magnification. Pathophysiology 2006 13, 183-193DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.05.008) Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Serum cytokine levels at 24h following partial or whole liver transplantation. (A) Serum IL-6 levels were significantly increased in the 30% graft group when preserved for 4h but not 2 and 6h (#p<0.01% vs. 100%, ¶p<0.05% vs. 50%). (B) Serum TNF-α levels could be detected only in 30% group and was dramatically increased with 6h of cold preservation. Pathophysiology 2006 13, 183-193DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.05.008) Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Effects of graft size and cold preservation on the regenerative ability of reduced-size liver. The vertical axis represents the regenerative ability as assessed by calculating the ratio of graft vs. donor whole liver. (A) Liver regeneration at 7 days after transplantation with 6h cold preservation (#p<0.01% vs. 30%). (B) Liver regeneration at 7 days after transplantation in 30% graft group (*p<0.05h vs. 2h, #p<0.01h vs. 2h). Pathophysiology 2006 13, 183-193DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.05.008) Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions