Typhoid Fever Abigail Terkeltoub

Basic Information Acute Life Threatening 21 Million Cases per Year Worldwide 200,000 are fatal Caused by Salmonella Typhi Wide Array of Symptoms

Epidemiology Serious threat in developing world Rare in industrialized countries

Illness Timeline/Symptoms Incubation Period: 1-2 weeks Duration of Illness: 3-4 weeks Different symptoms for different weeks 3-5% become carriers Typhoid Mary 1st US identified carrier

Contraction of the Disease Bacterium carried in blood stream/intestinal tract Spread through contaminated food and water Fecal-Oral Cycle

Testing and Diagnosis Body Fluid or Tissue Culture blood, stool, urine, bone marrow checked for presence of typhoid bacteria bone marrow culture is often most sensitive

Treatment Only effective treatment: antibiotic therapy Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) nonpregnant adults Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) pregnant women children Pushing fluids and healthy diets are supportive therapies

Prevention Developing Nation Goals Vaccinations (two types): neither 100% effective Single dose injection Oral capsules (4) Other common preventative measures

Sources "Diseases and Conditions: Typhoid Fever." N.p., 22 Aug. 2012. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. <http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/typhoid-fever/basics/causes/con-20028553>. "Typhoid Fever." Centers For Disease Control And Prevention. N.p., 14 May 2013. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. "Typhoid Mary." Wikipedia. N.p., 5 Apr. 2014. Web. 6 Apr. 2014. "Relative Sensitivity of Blood and Bone Marrow Cultures in Typhoid Fever." US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (1991): 174-176. Web. 6 Apr. 2014. Gilman, Robert H., Miguel Terminel, Myron M. Levine, Pablo Hernandez-medoza, and Richard B. Hornick. "Relative Efficacy of Blood, Urine, Rectal Swab, Bone Marrow, and Rose-Spot Cultures for Recovery of Salmonella Typhi in Typhoid Fever." The Lancet (1975): 1211-1213. Web. 6 Apr. 2014. "Ciprofloxacin." Wikipedia. N.p., 1 Apr. 2014. Web. 4 Apr. 2014. "Ceftriaxone." Wikipedia. N.p., 31 Mar. 2014. Web. 4 Apr. 2014.