11.2 Applying Mendel’s Principles

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Presentation transcript:

11.2 Applying Mendel’s Principles Q: How can we use probability to predict traits? A: P315: Punnett squares use mathematical probability to help predict the genotype and phenotype combinations in genetic crosses. Probability-the likelihood that a particular event will occur

Punnett Square-predicts the outcome. Homozygous- Same (TT or tt) Heterozygous- different (Tt) Phenotype- physical features Genotype- genetic make-up (Tt)

T t T t What is the genotype of the offspring? _____________________________________________ t What is the genotype of the offspring? What is the phenotype of the offspring?

Q: How do alleles segregate when more than one gen is involved? A: Independent Assortment-genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. The Two-Factor Cross: F1-first generation & F2-second generation

First generation cross. Homozygous or HeterozygousOffspring?

Homozygous or Heterozygous? Offspring? Yellow & smooth? Yellow & rough? Green & smooth? Green & rough Ratio?

Summary: Q: What did Mendel contribute to our understanding of genetics? A: Mendel’s principles of heredity, observed through patterns of inheritance, form the basis of modern genetics.

WB 163-166 Skip #2, 9, 13, 14, 15, 26, 27