Jeffrey R. Basford, MD, PhD

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Presentation transcript:

The Law of Laplace and its relevance to contemporary medicine and rehabilitation Jeffrey R. Basford, MD, PhD Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 83, Issue 8, Pages 1165-1170 (August 2002) DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2002.33985 Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Pressure-wall tension relationship for rigid containers. If the pressure (P) contained in a rigid container (ie, whose radius [R] is fixed) is doubled, the tension (T) (force/unit area) in its walls also doubles. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 1165-1170DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.33985) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Demonstration of the relationship between radius and inward directed wall forces. On the left, a rubber band is being pulled around a small cylindrical rod with a tension (T) and produces a strong downward directed force (F). On the right side of the figure, however, the band is under the same tension, but because its forces are tangential to the cylinder (ie, similar to the situation that would occur with a cylinder with a very large radius), the downward force is 0. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 1165-1170DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.33985) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Derivation of the Law of Laplace for (A) hollow spheres with a radius (R) and (B) cylinders of length (L) and radius (R). Note that in the case of the cylinder, it is assumed that the length is much longer than the radius and that the circumference can be approximated with the quantity 2L. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 1165-1170DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.33985) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Implications of the Law of Laplace for (A) a long narrow balloon (the region of expansion spreads from an expanded region into the unexpanded portion) and (B) a surgeon's glove (the wider palm expands before the narrower fingers). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 1165-1170DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.33985) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 If 2 balloons of different diameters are connected by a hollow cylinder, the smaller spontaneously empties into the larger. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 1165-1170DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.33985) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions