Introduction to Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation Electron Transport Chain Applications Anaerobic Respiration and Fermentation Lactic Acid Microorganisms Ethanol Fermentation

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Cellular Respiration _____________ Glucose is the fuel for cellular respiration. Glucose bonds are broken and energy is released as ATP. Without a steady supply of ATP, ……………………… _____________

Cellular Respiration Glucose is the most efficient source of fuel to make ATP however, cells may use other molecules if necessary. _____________ 4

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Glycolysis Takes place in all living cells A glucose molecule is split into 2 Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate) molecules which results in the net gain _____________

Step 2 – Pyruvate Oxidation and the Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle Picture has been removed

Step 3 – The Electron Transport Chain Products from the Citric Acid Cycle come into the ETC where their energy is used to pump H+ ions ……………………… H+ ions then flow through ATP synthase to create 32-34 MORE molecules of ATP _____________

Aerobic Respiration pyruvic acid energy released to make large quantity of ATP (36-38 molecules) series of enzyme controlled reactions carbon dioxide + water

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Cellular Respiration But why does O2 need to be present for aerobic respiration to occur? _____________

Cyanide Cyanide blocks the bodies ability to perform aerobic respiration by binding to hemoglobin inside RBC  ……………………… This reduces the amount of ATP produced resulting in coma and death.

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Anaerobic Respiration/Fermentation Will occur in the cytoplasm if O2 is not present Allows glycolysis ……………………… There are 2 Types of anaerobic respiration: _____________

Lactic Acid Fermentation Occurs in the cytoplasm of animals, some bacteria and fungi _____________ However, glycolysis continues to provide some energy for your body to keep you alive ………………………

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Lactic Acid Fermentation _____________ Once O2 is present again, Lactic Acid (lactate) is oxidized back to pyruvate, ………………………

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration Picture has been removed

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Lactic Acid in Microorganisms We utilize lactic acid fermentation in microorganisms to create many foods such as: pickles, sauerkraut, ………………………

Lactic Acid in Microorganisms To do this, certain bacteria and yeasts are placed in a Oxygen free environment (within a food like cheese) and _____________ ……………………… The food is altered to rid it of the microorganism before we consume it.

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Alcohol (Ethanol) Fermentation This occurs in plant cells, bacteria and yeast. _____________ 23

Alcohol Fermentation Beer: Comes from grains - ……………………… The gains are grounded up and water and enzymes are added. _____________

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Alcohol Fermentation Distilling the beer - _____________ The ethanol can also be used to fuel some cars. This is ………………………

Alcohol Fermentation Wine: Created ……………………… Grapes contain high concentrations of sugars _____________

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Answer the following What is the main difference ………………………