Unit Twelve Acids and Bases

Characteristics What are some acids and bases you are familiar with?

Characteristics Acids Examples: Electrical conductor Tastes sour Turns blue litmus red Neutralizes bases Reacts with metals to produce H2 gas Often corrosive to skin Reacts with carbonates to form CO2 gas pH < 7 Examples: H2SO4 HCl H2CO3 HC2H3O2 Common Examples: Sour Patch Kids Vinegar Lemon juice Orange juice Soda

Characteristics Bases Examples: Electrical conductor Tastes bitter Turns red litmus blue Neutralizes acids Reacts with oxides of many nonmetals Feels slippery Reacts with dissolved metal ions (precipitates) pH > 7 Examples: NaOH KOH NaHCO3 NH3 Common Examples: Caffeine Baking Soda Antacids Bleach

Naming Acids Examples: HF HNO3 H3PO4 HC2H3O2 Anion Suffix Acid Suffix Example - ide “hydro + root + ic HCl = hydrogen chloride hydrochloric acid - ate root + ic H2SO4 = hydrogen sulfate sulfuric acid - ite root + ous H2SO3 = hydrogen sulfite sulfurous acid hydrofluoric acid nitric acid phosphoric acid acetic acid

Positive ion + “hydroxide” Naming Bases Examples: NaOH Mg(OH)2 NH4OH Fe(OH)2 Positive ion + “hydroxide” sodium hydroxide magnesium hydroxide ammonium hydroxide iron (II) hydroxide

Arrhenius Acid and Base  

Brønsted-Lowry Acid and Base  

Worksheet One is due Wednesday Don’t forget to turn in your labs Please attached the rough draft version Gizmos