C. jejuni flaC mutants induce increased cell activation in human and chicken cells. C. jejuni flaC mutants induce increased cell activation in human and.

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C. jejuni flaC mutants induce increased cell activation in human and chicken cells. C. jejuni flaC mutants induce increased cell activation in human and chicken cells. (A and B) Comparison of cell activation of live C. jejuni with the respective flaC mutants of two strains, 11168 and 81-176. (A) Human THP-1 NF-κB luciferase reporter cells were coincubated with live C. jejuni bacteria of strain 11168 or 81-176 (wt) and corresponding isogenic flaC mutants (flaC mut) at different multiplicities of infection (MOI) for 3 h. NF-κB activation was determined using SteadyGlo luciferase substrate. Means and standard deviations from technical quadruplicates are shown as luciferase activity in counts per second (C/s). (B) IL-8 secretion induced by the live C. jejuni wild type and flaC mutants was measured by IL-8 ELISA. The statistical significance of differences was determined using Student’s t test (unpaired, one-sided). ***, P ≤ 0.001; **, 0.001 ≤ P ≤ 0.01; *, 0.01 ≤ P ≤ 0.05. (C and D) Human (THP-1) (C) and chicken (HD-11) (D) NF-κB luciferase reporter cell lines were coincubated with cleared lysate fractions of wild-type bacteria (wt) and corresponding flaC mutants (flaC mut) (100 ng of cleared lysate) of two different C. jejuni strains (11168, 81-176) for 3 h. For comparison, cells which were preincubated for 1 h with purified FlaC (100 ng) were also incubated with soluble fractions of wild-type lysates (100 ng) for 3 h. Luciferase activities were measured in a SteadyGlo luciferase assay. Mean values and standard deviations of triplicate measurements are depicted as luciferase activities (counts per second [C/s]). n.s., not significant. (E and F) Complementation of flaC restores the cell activation level by C. jejuni. (E) Human (THP-1) and (F) chicken (HD-11) macrophages stably transfected for the NF-κB luciferase reporter gene were coincubated for 3 h with soluble lysate fractions (100 ng) of the C. jejuni parental strain (wt), corresponding flaC mutant (flaC mut), and two flaC complementation clones of strain 81-176 (flaC comp, c1, and c2). NF-κB activation was measured using SteadyGlo substrate. Means and standard deviations from technical quadruplicates are shown as luciferase activity in counts per second [C/s]. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t test (unpaired, two-sided). Significant P values are indicated by asterisks, as follows: *, 0.01 ≤ P ≤ 0.05; **, 0.001 ≤ P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001. Eugenia Faber et al. mSphere 2016; doi:10.1128/mSphere.00028-15