N. Takeshima, H. Miyakawa, K. Okuda, S. Hattori, S. Hagiwara, J

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Evaluation of the therapeutic results of epiduroscopic adhesiolysis for failed back surgery syndrome N. Takeshima, H. Miyakawa, K. Okuda, S. Hattori, S. Hagiwara, J. Takatani, T. Noguchi British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 102, Issue 3, Pages 400-407 (March 2009) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aen383 Copyright © 2009 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Algorithm for application of epiduroscopic adhesiolysis to FBSS patients. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2009 102, 400-407DOI: (10.1093/bja/aen383) Copyright © 2009 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Typical fluoroscopic images after epiduroscopic adhesiolysis. (a) A representative image from the E group, in which the contrast medium spread over the level of the pre-existing adhesion (L5/S1 level) in the epidural space. (b) A representative image from the R group, in which the contrast medium spread along both S1 roots after adhesiolysis. (c) A representative image from the ER group, in which a catheter was inserted into the left L5 vertebral foramen and the contrast medium spread over the level of the pre-existing adhesion (L5 level) in the epidural space. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2009 102, 400-407DOI: (10.1093/bja/aen383) Copyright © 2009 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Changes in the (a) RDQ scores, (b) ODI scores and (c) JOA scores after treatment. In the box and whisker plots, the horizontal line within the box represents the median scores and the top and bottom boundaries of the boxes represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, and T-bars the 10th and 90th percentiles. #P<0.05 compared with the preoperative score in each group. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2009 102, 400-407DOI: (10.1093/bja/aen383) Copyright © 2009 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Typical fluoroscopic images of the sacral epidural space after adhesiolysis. (a) Sacral epidural image of a patient from the E group at 4 weeks after surgery. (b) Sacral epidural image of a patient from the E group at 12 weeks after surgery. (c) Sacral epidural image of a patient from the R group at 4 weeks after surgery. (d) Sacral epidural image of a patient from the R group at 12 weeks after surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2009 102, 400-407DOI: (10.1093/bja/aen383) Copyright © 2009 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions