5-5: Legislative Powers of the President

Big Idea: Constitutionalism   Enduring Understanding: The presidency has been expanded beyond its expressed constitutional powers. Learning Objective: Explain how the president can implement a policy agenda.

Constitutional Powers Original intent—limit executive authority President cannot make legislation Sole constitutional legislative powers of the president Required to the a State of the Union Address Can bring issues to Congress “from time to time” Can veto congressional legislation

Veto Power Options Sign bill into law Veto power Threat of a veto Signing statements Veto power Fewer than 10% become overridden Often passed in another form Threat of a veto Causes Congress to modify bill Pocket veto Line-item veto still unconstitutional

Informal Powers Chief legislator Signing statements Executive orders Set policy agenda Initiates much legislation Persuade public/congressional opinion Signing statements Informs public how the president will enforce a law Challenge to separation of powers Executive orders Based on constitutional authority Carries force of law Working with Congress Bipartisan cooperation preferred Assigning legislative liaisons to lobby Congress Working with majority/minority leaders Emphasizing key issues in media Capitalizing on high approval ratings Bargaining

Divided Government Overview Consequences Effect on president Two-party rule Frequent result of recent elections Consequences Heightened partisanship Lack of compromise “Crisis politics” Effect on president Challenges to federal appointments Delayed legislative agenda

Overcoming Divided Government Generate support through the media Veto threats Making deals with leaders Interest group coalitions Executive orders Operate through White House staff