Each antibody binds to a specific antigen; an interaction similar to a lock and key

The Lock and Key Hypothesis Enzyme may be used again Enzyme-substrate complex E S P Reaction coordinate

The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids

Proteins when heated can unfold or "Denature" Proteins when heated can unfold or "Denature". This loss of three dimensional shape will usually be accompanied by a loss of the proteins function. If the denatured protein is allowed to cool it will usually refold back into it’s original conformation.

Starch is made from chains of the sugar, glucose Starch is made from chains of the sugar, glucose. When glucose takes on a certain shape called alpha-glucose ([OH] going down) and then is chained together at the carbon 1 and carbon 4 positions, the chain is called amylose.

Action of metal cofactors Action of metal cofactors. In this cartoon an enzyme is unable to become functionally formed unless a metal ion is available. Once the metal is bound the active site forms and the enzyme is ready to carry out its function