New South Review

1. What do the terms bourbon and triumvirate mean? Bourbon-steadfast refusal to accept or learn from the defeat of the Civil War and adapt to new realities Triumvirate-ruling body of 3

2. How did the name triumvirate NOT represent these three politicians? Despite some shared views, they differed on many points and did not possess a unity of interests and purpose

3. List THE common interests of the Bourbon Triumvirate. White supremacists Railroad Coal mining industries Commercial pursuits

4. What is the Atlanta Ring? The three members of the Bourbon Triumvirate and two editors of the Atlanta constitution, Evan Howell and Henry Grady.

5. How did the Atlanta ring influence politics? They used the Atlanta Constitution as a platform to push their political agendas; including exploiting Gordon’s Civil War legacy to help him take office.

6. What was the New South that Grady envisioned? Industrial development Northern investment

He publicized Atlanta as an ideal location for industry and investment 7. How did Grady promote the city of Atlanta? How did he misrepresent the city, receiving criticism? He publicized Atlanta as an ideal location for industry and investment He downplayed racial tensions in the South and claimed African Americans received fair treatment.

8. How did the Cotton Expos help Georgia? Created jobs and brought millions of dollars to the South

9. How did Grady play a role in local politics 9. How did Grady play a role in local politics? What was the Atlanta Ring? He endorsed politicians through his newspaper Group of Democrats advocating for more industry in the South. Included the Bourbon Triumvirate

10. Metaphors of grady’s speech: Why a funeral in Pickens county?

11. What does this line mean: We are going to take a noble revenge…by invading every inch of your territory with iron as you invaded ours 29 years ago. It is a statement of revenge for the North referring to their invasion of the South during the Civil War. Now the South will invade their territory with South products/resources

12. Who was Daddy rice? He was a white actor who performed in blackface to represent an African American character named Jim Crow.

13. List FOUR limits created by the Jim Crow Laws. Marriage Adoptions Education Public accommodations Transportation Voting Even who could cut your hair

14. Who was Homer Plessy? A man who was 1/8 black sat on the white side of the train to protest the separate car act. He was arrested. He took his case citing that this violated his 13th and 14th amendment rights. It went all the way to the Supreme Court

15. How was the Plessy vs Ferguson case significant to Jim Crow Laws? The Supreme Court upheld the decision previously given and stated that is did not violate rights if it were “separate but equal”

16. According to Jim Crow laws, who was black? Anyone with 1/8 African American heritage (one great grandparent)

17. What TWO problems would the convict lease system resolve? Overpopulation in prison High prison costs Labor shortages

18. How was the convict lease system comparable to slavery? Largely made up of African Americans due to arrests for unemployment, allowed beatings, poor treatment, and no pay for labor.

19. Were the efforts made to improve the quality of convicts’ quality of life successful? Laws were passed allowing only ONE person in each camp to issue punishments Encouraged harsher punishment at the hands of the whipping bosses.

20. What movement or political party is credited for ending the convict lease system? How? Progressives Influence media exposure of inhumane conditions pushing legislation through. Also- the depression in 1907 caused the convict lease system to be less profitable.

21. Name Two positive causes Tom Watson promoted during his career. Called for better schools and roads RFD- Rural free delivery Advocate for farmers and sharecroppers

22. List Two negative causes Tom Watson promoted during his career. White supremacy Against African American’s right to vote (disenfranchisement) Against the Catholic Church

23. How did Watson change his political position over time? Went from a liberal stance in the populist party to a White Supremacist in the Democratic Party

24. Name FIVE ways African Americans were disenfranchised. Intimidation/Violence Grandfather Clause Literacy Tests Poll Tax White Primary

25. How did Dubois and Washington’s methods for advancement differ? Dubois called for action NOW, while Washington promoted a passive approach working for change over time through hard work, proving their place in society.

26. What may have contributed to these differences?

27. List SEVEN CAUSES of the 1906 Atlanta Race riots. Job competition African American Political Activism Growing black population Growing black middle class Rising Crime Rates 1906 Governor’s Campaign FOUR articles reporting that black men attacked white women

28. List FOUR effects of the race riots. Mob formed in the city and began attacking African American men and businesses State militia was called in to restore order Black men organized to defend their homes and businesses The city became further segregated Brought negative attention to the city of Atlanta

29. How did the riots impact race relations in Georgia? Black residential neighborhoods became increasingly isolated African Americans turned to more aggressive approaches to civil rights

30. Who was Leo Frank? 29 year old Jewish man convicted of murdering 14 year old Mary Phagan despite a significant lack of evidence.

31. Who was Alonzo Herndon? Founded Atlanta Mutual Life Insurance Company which offered coverage to African Americans. Employed African Americans. Also invested in real estate and eventually owned 100 properties.