WHAT ARE WE GOING TO LEARN IN THIS UNIT? Is globalization making us all the same? Is it going force all states to cooperate? Is it going to replace the state slowly through interconnectivity (as both Marxists and many liberals think? Under what conditions do countries cooperate? Under what conditions are states working together likely to succeed in meeting collective goals? (i.e., dealing with collective problems or creating collective opportunities. What are the main international organizations (IGOs)? Why did they form, and what do they do? How well do they work and whose interests do they serve? Can they work better? Why do so many countries continue to suffer from war? How well are countries working together to solve this problem? What are our collective options for preventing state-on-state violence and intrastate violence? Time permitting: Why do we still have global economic crises that seem to start in just one or two places? Can the international community solve these problems?

Sample GDPs in 1950

Sample GDPs in 2016

About Gwynne Dyer’s take: The Radical Perspective on Why States do What they Do and Globalization Why did Karl Marx think capitalism would never get as far as it has: private property = accumulation of the m.o.p -> concentration of capital  repression of workers, alienation, and automation  state repression of workers  growing misery, inequality, and war  revolution  communism (no state, no private property) What did Vladimir Lenin have to say about imperialism as a response to the failure of Marx to predict revolution? Dependency theory: Is the entire world one economic system with a core and a periphery? Do international organizations and the current intl. system represents capitalist interests first? Antonio Gramsci’s hegemony and the emergence of intl. institutions and norms—Notice who is in control? Notice the development and growth are the highest priorities Is “globalization” the final stage of capitalism? Interconnectedness & interdependence + uniformity of markets+ capitalist norms: The world is small, the world is flat, and it increasingly looks and acts the same everywhere.

THOMAS FRIEDMAN’S VIEW OF GLOBALIZATION: IT IS A NEW INTL SYSTEM AS MUCH AS WHAT WE SAW WITH THE ADVENT OF THE MODERN STATE SYSTEM Defining technologies: Miniaturization, info. technology, the internet, & intl shipping (Setzler: AI & nuclear weapons): Globalization = exponential change in the goods, services, and know how that drive state and commercial power The fundamental intl. rules: The “Washington Consensus”; The “Golden Straightjacket” Defining structure of power: Used to be states vs. states. Now it’s the interaction of states, markets, individuals & intl. institutions spread all over. But the firm is now the dominant institution. Dominant ideas: Free market capitalism (Setzler: or state capitalism); Maybe democracy will have a central role… but maybe it will not Dominant culture: Americanization? Westernization? Demographic trends: Unprecedented movement, declining birth rates The measurement of power: How you are connected to everyone else The defining fear: Falling behind What does all of this mean for America? Maybe it’s good!

BUT IS THE WORLD REALLY FLAT? Globalization is a choice? A little history and the current crisis it faces What is Ferguson’s point in Sinking Globalization? Globalization is a political choice rather than inevitable, and it can shrink very rapidly John Mearsheimer’s “rule of water” still applies, and around 90% of world trade is carried by the international shipping industry, which makes it vulnerable Satellites carry less than 1% of human communications. Submarine cables carry the rest A US financial collapse (20 trillion deficit, and look at what we’re up to now) Evidence that the world isn’t flat: Gehemawat (data next page) What is “globaloney”? How do we operationalize the concept of globalization Domestic foreign invest vs. Foreign dir. investment Portfolio investment, trade, patenting People and phone call revenue Even the internet is primarily domestic

2016 – Globaloney Measures

2016 – Global submarine internet system

BUT IS THE WORLD REALLY FLAT? Why is globalization slowing down? Most states and most markets are domestic, and they have rooted interests in keeping it that way (even the EU is an example ways to protect states) Are intl. orgs a challenge to state power or an expression of it? I0s—save the WTO—have pretty limited activity that is separate of what powerful states want them to do. The stakes of globalization will affect global power, so states will fight it just like they always have threats to their interest Domestic politics leads to fights against globalization; state capitalism and state responses to terrorism and intl. crime show that states can adapt to remain more relevant than ever before. The big fights ahead: The limits of energy & water, climate warming, how much human rights should trump sovereignty, & globalizing the entire economy rather than just what the powerful countries want globalized.