5/6/2019 Information Warfare Trends, Dangers, and the Impact for European Research Policy Dipl. Pol. Ralf Bendrath, Berlin FoG:IS ReG:IS Forschungsgruppe Research Group Informationsgesellschaft und Information Society and Sicherheitspolitik Security Policy Lecture at the Green/EFA Research Forum European Parliament, Brussels, 6 June 2001

Infowar: The U.S. Concept 5/6/2019 Infowar: The U.S. Concept Goal: „information dominance“ Targets: not adversaries´ forces, but his information flows Means: more than just kinetic weapons Operations Security (OPSEC) Psychological Operations (PSYOPS) Deception of enemy´s sensors or soldiers Electronic Warfare physical Attack/Destruction „Public Affairs Activities“ (Spin Doctoring) Civil Affairs Computer Network Attacks (Cyberwarfare)

Cyberwar: The U.S. Efforts 5/6/2019 Cyberwar: The U.S. Efforts Goal: denying or disturbing adversary´s computer systems Targets: military and civilian computer networks, banks, infrastructures,... Means: digital break-ins and more: Hacker-tools Computer viruses & worms Denial-of-service attacks Insiders Back doors Electronic surveillance Global network mapping

Cyberwar: The U.S. practice 5/6/2019 Cyberwar: The U.S. practice have done it computer intrusions since 1980s cyberwar waged 1991 & 1999 part of military strategy Joint Doctrine for Info-Operations, JP 3-13 Field Manual 100-6 (Info Operations) specialised military units infowar units (since 1994, expanding) part of combat commands (2001)

Dangers of U.S. Cyberwar Plans 5/6/2019 Dangers of U.S. Cyberwar Plans IT - insecurity cycle threat to privacy acts of war in times of peace breaks laws of armed conflict covert operations, hard to control use against domestic actors? chilling effect on digital economy cyber-arms race Cyberspace less safe

The IT - Insecurity Cycle 5/6/2019 The IT - Insecurity Cycle IT vulnerability usage of IT-security holes cyber warfare military and intelligence services

Cyber Arms Control needed politically possible urgent 5/6/2019 Cyber Arms Control needed to prevent cyber arms race to secure emerging cyber-society politically possible already proposed by other nations computer industry would love it urgent dynamic still slow - how long?

Options for Action political oversight no first use 5/6/2019 Options for Action political oversight no first use international convention on peaceful use of cyberspace collaboration of security policy studies and computer science

European Research Policy I 5/6/2019 European Research Policy I Guiding principles good: observation of international conventions ethical norms: data protection & privacy missing: peaceful purpose for research and development dangers rising from new technologies not so good: technology is the answer - what was the question?

European Research Policy II 5/6/2019 European Research Policy II Information and communication technologies good: security technologies cryptography missing: open source software decentralized and diverse systems not so good: securing civilian infrastructures: self-healing networks or surveillance?

European Research Policy III 5/6/2019 European Research Policy III Citizens and governance in the knowledge-based society good: diversity of ways to the knowledge-based society security and conflict resolution missing: role of new media for conflict resolution democratic control of intelligence services & the military not so good: JRC-Europol cooperation in developing tools to fight cybercrime

European Research Policy IV 5/6/2019 European Research Policy IV Strengthening the foundations of a European research area good: science & technology indicators - but not only quantitative! missing: technology assessment before development indicators for preventive arms control assessment of social and political impacts of research projects not so good: too bureaucratic for small groups

Beyond Research Policy 5/6/2019 Beyond Research Policy continue work against ECHELON and global surveillance establish electronic privacy as a basic human right in Europe stop European efforts to establish own intelligence services stop ENFOPOL / ILETS support efforts for cyber arms control don´t believe the „cyber terrorism“-hype

It could be just junk mail, Colonel, or the beginning of a major enemy attack...

See you again in Berlin? International Conference 5/6/2019 See you again in Berlin? International Conference Arms Control in Cyberspace Perspectives for Peace Policy in the Age of Computer Network Attacks Berlin, 29 - 30 June 2001 www.boell.de/cyberpeace